Ergonomic earpiece

ABSTRACT

A cable assembly for electronic devices such as cellular telephones and music devices is disclosed. The cable assembly can comprise either one or two earpieces, each of which is configured to be received into the concha of a user&#39;s ear. The earpiece(s) can be configured so as to be held in place by at least one anatomical structure of the concha. A speaker can be in acoustic communication with each earpiece. A cable can be configured to communicate a signal representative of sound from the electronic device to each earpiece. A microphone can be permanently attached or removably attachable to the cable to facilitate use with a cellular telephone. The cable assembly can facilitate hands free operation of a cellular telephone and can facilitate listening to a music device. Other implementations and related methods are also disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/333,050 filed on Oct. 24, 2016. U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/333,050 is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/720,531 filed on May 22, 2015.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/720,531 is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/106,693 filed on Dec. 13, 2013. U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/106,693 is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/198,308 filed on Aug. 4, 2011. U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/198,308 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/696,987 filed on Apr. 5, 2007. U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/696,987 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/618,344 filed on Dec. 29, 2006, and is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/411,314filed on Apr. 26, 2006.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,308 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/411,314 filed on Apr. 26, 2006,which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/247,105 filed on Oct. 11, 2005.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,308 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/870,165 filed on Oct. 10, 2007,which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/403,646 filed on Apr. 13, 2006. U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/403,646 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/769,158 filed on Jan. 29, 2004, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/247,105 filed on Oct. 11, 2005.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,308 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/869,931 filed on Oct. 10, 2007. U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/869,931 is a continuation-in-part of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/411,314 filed on Apr. 26, 2006, and is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/869,526filed on Oct. 9, 2007.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,308 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/618,317 filed on Dec. 29, 2006,which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/493,242 filed on Jul. 26, 2006.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,308 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/852,179 filed on Aug. 6, 2010, whichis a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/236,969 filedon Sep. 27, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/613,742 filed on Sep. 27, 2004.

This patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/298,956 filed on Mar. 11, 2019, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/713,187 filed onSep. 22, 2017, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/418,503 filed on Jan. 27, 2017, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/061,766 filed onMar. 4, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/106,650 filed on Dec. 13, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/198,254 filed on Aug. 4, 2011.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,254 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/852,179 filed on Aug. 6, 2010, whichis a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/236,969 filedon Sep. 27, 2005, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 60/613,742 filed on Sep. 27, 2004.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,254 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/411,314 filed on Apr. 26, 2006,which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/247,105 filed on Oct. 11, 2005.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,254 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/872,324 filed on Oct. 15, 2007,which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/411,314 filed on Apr. 26, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/247,105 filed on Oct. 11, 2005.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,254 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/869,517 filed on Oct. 9, 2007, whichis a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/411,314filed on Apr. 26, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/247,105 filed on Oct. 11, 2005.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,254 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/868,720 filed on Oct. 8, 2007, whichis a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/411,314filed on Apr. 26, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/247,105 filed on Oct. 11, 2005.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/198,254 is a continuation-in-part ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/696,987 filed on Apr. 5, 2007. U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/696,987 is a continuation-in-part of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/618,344 filed on Dec, 29, 2006, and is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/411,314filed on Apr. 26, 2006.

The entire contents of all of the above-mentioned patent applicationsare hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to electronics and acoustics.The present invention relates more particularly, for example, to a cableassembly and/or earpiece for electronic devices such as two-way radios,cellular telephones, music devices, and the like.

Related Art

Portable two-way radios are well known. Police officers, firefighters,and military personnel commonly use portable two-way radios tocommunicate when performing their duties. Such two-way radios may beused either with their built-in microphone and speaker or with anexternal microphone and speaker. A cable assembly having a microphoneand a speaker can be used to facilitate such use.

Although contemporary cable assemblies have proven generally suitablefor their intended purposes, they possess inherent deficiencies whichdetract from their overall effectiveness and desirability. For example,the speaker of a contemporary cable assembly can be damaged too easily,the microphone can pick up unwanted noises, the acoustic tube of thecable assembly is conspicuous, and the cable assembly does notaccommodate a variety of different types of electronic devices such ascellular telephones and music devices. Further, the push-to-talk buttonsof contemporary cable assemblies can be difficult to operate in somesituations (such as emergency situations where their proper operation isextremely important) and require a wired connection to the cableassembly. As such, it is desirable to provide a cable assembly thatovercomes these deficiencies.

SUMMARY

According to various embodiments, a cable assembly with an earpiece isdisclosed for use with electronic devices. The cable assembly andearpiece can be used with electronic devices that produce sound such ascellular telephones, radios (both one way and two-way radios), hearingaids, music devices (e.g., MP3 players, iPods®, CD players, cassetteplayers, or other types), pocket computers, laptop computers, desktopcomputers, DVD players, video game consoles, and the like. The cableassembly and earpiece can facilitate hands free operation of cellulartelephones. It can also facilitate listening to music devices.

According to an embodiment, a device can comprise a first cable assemblyconfigured to facilitate communication from a transceiver to an eardrum.The first cable assembly can have an electrical portion and an acousticportion. A speaker transducer can be in electrical communication withthe electrical portion and can be in acoustic communication with theacoustic portion. The speaker transducer can be disposed within aspeaker housing. The housing can be formed of a substantially rigidmaterial. A microphone transducer can be in electrical communicationwith the electrical portion. A push-to-talk switch can be configured tofacilitate use of the microphone transducer when actuated. An earpiececan be in acoustic communication with the acoustic portion and can beconfigured to be received in a concha of an ear and to be held in placeby at least one anatomical structure of the concha.

According to an embodiment, a communications system can comprise atransceiver and a first cable assembly can be configured to facilitatecommunication via the transceiver to an eardrum. The first cableassembly can have an electrical portion and an acoustic portion. Aspeaker transducer can be in electrical communication with theelectrical portion and can be in acoustic communication with theacoustic portion. A microphone transducer can be in electricalcommunication with the electrical portion. A push-to-talk switch can beconfigured to facilitate use of the microphone transducer when actuated.An earpiece can be in acoustic communication with the acoustic portionand can be configured to be received in a concha of an ear and to beheld in place by at least one anatomical structure of the concha.

According to an embodiment, a method can comprise providing a firstcable assembly configured to facilitate communication via a transceiverto an eardrum. The first cable assembly can have an electrical portionand an acoustic portion. A speaker transducer can be placed inelectrical communication with the electrical portion and can be placedin acoustic communication with the acoustic portion. A microphonetransducer can be placed in electrical communication with the electricalportion.

Thus, a cable assembly having enhanced reliability and functionality isprovided. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims, which areincorporated into this section by reference. A more completeunderstanding of embodiments of the present invention will be affordedto those skilled in the art, as well as a realization of additionaladvantages thereof, by a consideration of the following detaileddescription of one or more embodiments. Reference will be made to theappended sheets of drawings that will first be described briefly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a front view of the upper portion of an example of a cableassembly, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a speaker, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view, partially in section, of a female connector,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an electronic schematic diagram of a sound limiter, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are perspective views of an upper speaker housing,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an upper speaker housing, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are perspective views of a lower speaker housing,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a lower speaker housing, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a speaker boot, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a speaker boot, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 13 is a front view of the lower portion of an example of a cableassembly, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a microphone, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 15 is an enlarged perspective view of a microphone buffer,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are perspective views of a microphone upper housing,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a microphone upper housing,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is an electronic schematic diagram of a cable assembly,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 20 shows a person wearing a radio system, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 21 is a front view of a stereo cable assembly, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an earpiece having a flanged extension,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the extension of the earpiece of FIG.22, wherein the extension is removed from the earpiece, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of an alternative configuration of theextension of FIG. 23, wherein openings are formed in the flangesthereof, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of another alternative configuration ofthe extension of FIG. 23, wherein openings are formed in the stemthereof, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the extension of FIG. 23, showing aHocks filter inserted therein, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 27 is a side view of the earpiece of FIG. 22, wherein the extensionis removed therefrom, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 28 is a bottom view of the earpiece of FIG. 22, showing theaperture therein with dashed lines, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of an earpiece having a flanged extension,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the extension of the earpiece of FIG.29 wherein the extension is removed from the earpiece, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the earpiece of FIG. 22 having acoustictubing attached thereto, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of the extension of FIG. 26, showing theHocks filter exploded therefrom and also showing a flexible skin (dashedlines) formed partially thereover, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of an extension having three flanges,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of an extension having four flanges,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a foam, fiber, or fabric extension,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 36 is a side view of a foam, fiber, or fabric extension having asound transmissive bore formed therethrough, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 37 is a side view of a tapered foam, fiber, or fabric extension,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 38 is a side view of an extension that in use is not insertedsubstantially into the ear canal, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 39 is a perspective view of a single barb multiple input acousticcoupler, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 40 is a perspective view of the multiple input acoustic coupler ofFIG. 39, showing in dashed lines the bores of the acoustic coupler,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a triple barb multiple input acousticcoupler, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 42 is a perspective view of an earpiece with a flanged extensionand having a multiple input acoustic coupler attached to the earpiece,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 43 is an exploded perspective view of the earpiece of FIG. 42,showing the flanged extension and multiple input acoustic coupler,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 44 is a side view of an upper portion of a cable assembly that isattached to an earpiece using a multiple input acoustic coupler,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 45 is a side view of an earpiece disposed within the concha of auser's ear and having a multiple input acoustic coupler attached to theearpiece, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 46 is a perspective side view of a body and a single barbed tubularportion, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 47 is an exploded perspective view of the body and tubular portionof FIG. 46, with two more barbed tubular portions, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 48 is a perspective view of the body and barbed tubular portions ofFIG. 47 in which all of the barbed tubular portions are attached to thebody, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 49 is a side view of an ear having an ear insert worn within theear canal, in which the ear insert has a thin acoustic tube extendingfrom the ear insert, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 50 is a side view of an acoustic tube, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 51 is a front view of an acoustic tube, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 52 is a side view of an acoustic tube, having a microphone, soundamplifying circuitry, and speaker attached to the acoustic tube,according an embodiment;

FIG. 53 is a side view of an acoustic tube, having a speaker attached tothe acoustic tube, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 54 is a side view of an acoustic tube having a reusable foam earinsert attached to the acoustic tube, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 55 is a front view of an acoustic tube and foam ear insert,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 56 is a perspective view of a reusable foam ear insert, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 57 is a cross-sectional side view of a reusable foam ear insert,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 58 is a side view of an earpiece with an extension having a thinacoustic tube extending from the earpiece, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 59 is a front view of an earpiece with an extension having a thinacoustic tube extending from the earpiece, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 60 is a perspective view of an earpiece with an extension having athin acoustic tube extending from the earpiece, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 61 is a perspective view of a two-way radio system, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 62 shows a person wearing a portable two-way radio system having awired push-to-talk switch, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 63 is a perspective view of a push-to-talk switch for use by policeofficers, military personnel, firefighters, and others, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 64 is a exploded view of the push-to-talk switch, showing the bezelassembly and o-ring removed from the housing so as to provide a view ofthe interior of the housing, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 65 is a top view of the bezel assembly, showing a button formed bya diaphragm, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 66 is a bottom view of the bezel assembly, showing the bottom ofthe diaphragm of FIG. 65, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 67 is a exploded perspective view of the bezel assembly, showing atop view of the diaphragm and showing the retainer removed from thebezel, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 68 is a perspective view of the diaphragm of FIG. 67, showing thebottom of the diaphragm, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 69 is a side view of the diaphragm of FIG. 67, showing differencesin the thickness of the thicker central portion and the less thickperipheral portion of the diaphragm, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 70 is a cross-sectional side view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 63,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 71 is a side view of a wireless push-to-talk switch and cableassembly in which a transceiver within the switch housing transmitssignals representative of actuation/deactuation of the push-to-talkswitch and representative of voice received by the microphone and inwhich the transceiver receives signals representative of voice from atwo-way radio and communicates the signals representative of voice fromthe two-way radio to the speaker, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 72 is a side view of a microphone and speaker assembly—including acable, a microphone, a speaker, acoustic tubing, and an earpiece—that issuitable for use with a wireless push-to-talk switch (such as byconnecting connectors of each together) so as to define a wirelesspush-to-talk microphone and speaker assembly, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 73 is a view of an inline cable assembly using a push-to-talkswitch according to an embodiment;

FIG. 74 is a view of a portable two-way radio system having asubstantially silent push-to-talk switch as worn by a user, according toan embodiment;

FIG. 75 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 63,showing sound damping or insulation around the switch so as tosubstantially mitigate sound produced when actuating the switch,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 76 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 63,showing sound damping or insulation along the walls of the housing so asto substantially mitigate sound produced by the switch when actuated,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 77 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 63,showing voids within which sound damping or insulation can be disposedso as to substantially mitigate sound produced by the switch when theswitch is actuated, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 78 is a top view of a contact switch, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 79 is a side view of a contact switch, showing the formation of adiaphragm and a metal contact, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 80 is a block diagram of a wireless push-to-talk switch, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 81 is a block diagram of a wireless microphone for a two-way radio,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 82 is a block diagram of a wireless speaker for a two-way radio,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 83 is a block diagram of a receiver-transmitter (or transceiver)for a two-way radio, in which the receiver is configured to receivesignals from a wireless push-to-talk switch or a wireless microphone andto communicate the signals to the two-way radio or to transmit signalsfrom the two-way radio to a wireless speaker, and in which the receiver,transmitter, or transceiver are in wired connection with the two-wayradio, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 84 is a block diagram of a two-way radio system having a wirelesspush-to-talk switch, a wired push-to-talk switch, a wired speaker, and awired microphone, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 85 is a block diagram of a two-way radio system having a wirelesspush-to-talk switch, a wired push-to-talk switch, a wireless speaker,and a wireless microphone, in which a single transceiver of the speakerand microphone facilitates wireless communications between the speakerand microphone and the two-way radio, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 86 is a block diagram of a two-way radio system having a wirelesspush-to-talk switch, a wired push-to-talk switch, a wireless speaker,and a wireless microphone, in which a single transceiver of thepush-to-talk switch, speaker, and microphone facilitates wirelesscommunication between the push-to-talk switch, the speaker, themicrophone, and the two-way radio, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 87 is a side view of a wireless push-to-talk switch ring, accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 88 is a side view of a firearm having a wireless push-to-talkswitch, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 89 is a side view of a bicycle having a wireless push-to-talkswitch, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 90 is a front view of a person wearing a wireless push-to-talkswitch and also wearing a wired push-to-talk switch, a wired speaker,and a wired microphone, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 91 is a front view of a person wearing a wireless push-to-talkswitch and a wireless microphone-speaker assembly and also wearing awired push-to-talk switch, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 92 is a front view of a person wearing a wireless push-to-talkswitch-microphone-speaker assembly and also wearing a wired push-to-talkswitch, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 93 is a side view of the inboard (toward the head) side of acontemporary left earpiece having a lower lobe (the opposite or outboardside being substantially the same as the inboard side, but lacking theprotrusion that goes into the ear), according to an embodiment;

FIG. 94 is a side view of the inboard side of a left earpiece that has asmooth bend where the lower lobe of a contemporary earpiece is locatedand thus substantially lacks the lower lobe, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 95 is a side view of the outboard side of the left earpiece of FIG.94, showing the bore in dashed lines, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 96 is a bottom view of the left earpiece of FIG. 94, showing thebore in dashed lines, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 97 is a perspective view of the left earpiece of FIGS. 94-96attached to acoustic tubing via a barbed fitting and having a speakeralso attached to the acoustic tubing, wherein the speaker has a plug forattachment to a two-way radio, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 98 shows a human ear with some anatomical structures labeled andwith examples of grab points for an earpiece labeled, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 99 is a perspective view of an earpiece having a flanged extension,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 100 is a side view of the outboard (away from the head) side of aleft earpiece that lacks a lower lobe, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 101 is a bottom view of the left earpiece of FIG. 100, according toan embodiment;

FIG. 102 is a side view of the inboard (toward from the head) side ofthe left earpiece of FIG. 100, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 103 is a top view of the left earpiece of FIG. 100, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 104 is a back view of the left earpiece of FIG. 100, according toan embodiment;

FIG. 105 is a front view of the left earpiece of FIG. 100, according toan embodiment;

FIG. 106 is a front-left-bottom perspective view of an earpiece,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 107 is a front-left-top perspective view of the earpiece of FIG.106, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 108 is a rear-left-top perspective view of the earpiece of FIG.106, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 109 is a rear plan view of the earpiece of FIG. 106, according toan embodiment;

FIG. 110 is a front plan view of the earpiece of FIG. 106, according toan embodiment;

FIG. 111 is a left side elevation view of the earpiece of FIG. 106,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 112 is a right side elevation view of the earpiece of FIG. 106,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 113 is a top side elevation view of the earpiece of FIG. 106,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 114 is a bottom side elevation view of the earpiece of FIG. 106,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 115 is a front-left-top perspective view of an example of anattachment for the earpiece of FIG. 106, where the attachment mayrepresent a portion of a communications cable, a wirelesstelecommunications device (e.g., a wireless audio headphone or aBluetooth® headset with headphone and microphone), an audio headphone(e.g., an earbud), an earplug, or other type of device configured tomate with the earpiece, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 116 is a front-right-top perspective view of the example attachmentof FIG. 115, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 117 is a left side elevational view of the example attachment ofFIG. 115, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 118 is a front plan view of the example attachment of FIG. 115,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 119 is a rear plan view of the example attachment of FIG. 115,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 120 is a front-left-bottom perspective view of the earpiece of FIG.106 along with a portion of a front-left-top perspective view of theexample attachment of

FIG. 115 coupled thereto, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 121 is a bottom side elevational view of the earpiece of FIG. 106along with a portion of a left side elevational view of the exampleattachment of FIG. 115 coupled thereto, according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 122 is a front plan view of the earpiece of FIG. 106 along with aportion of front plan view of the example attachment of FIG. 115 coupledthereto, according to an embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention and their advantages are bestunderstood by referring to the detailed description that follows. Itshould be appreciated that like reference numerals are used to identifylike elements illustrated in one or more of the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Methods and systems for enhancing the utility of electronic devices suchas cellular telephones and music devices are disclosed. Such methods andsystems can include ways to communicate sound and/or signalsrepresentative of sound from the electronic devices to a user's earand/or a way to communicate sound and/or signals representative of soundfrom a user's mouth to the electronic devices.

Although cellular telephones and music devices are discussed herein,such discussion is by way of example only and not by way of limitation.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more embodimentscan be used with a variety of different types of electronic devices suchas cellular telephones, radios (both one way and two-way radios), musicdevices, pocket computers, laptop computers, desktop computers, DVDplayers, video game consoles, and the like. Cellular telephones can bestand-alone cellular telephones, or can be integrated with otherdevices, such as music devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), andcomputers.

Further, it should be appreciated that the distinction between differenttypes of electronic devices tends to be blurring over time. For example,cellular telephones and music devices are presently being combined intoone type of a single electronic device. One impact of this combinationis the need for a common cable assembly that is suitable for use with anelectronic device that provides more than one function, such as anelectronic device that provides both telephone and music devicefunctionality. One or more embodiments comprise such a cable assembly.Further, an embodiment described as for use with one type of electronicdevice, e.g., a cellular telephone, can be used with another type ofelectronic device, e.g., a music device.

One or more embodiments comprise a cable that can be configured tocommunicate sound and/or signals representative of sound from anelectronic device to the user's ear or ears and/or can be used tocommunicate sound and/or signals representative of sound from a user'smouth to the electronic device. The cable can comprise one or morespeakers and/or earpieces. For example, the cable can comprise onespeaker and one earpiece, one speaker and two earpieces (where thesingle speaker is shared by the two earpieces), or two speakers and twoearpieces (where each earpiece has a dedicated speaker—such as forstereo listening).

Generally, when the cable is configured for use with a cellulartelephone, then only a single speaker and earpiece is provided, althoughany desired combination of speakers and earpieces can be provided.Generally, when the cable is configured for use with a cellulartelephone, then a microphone is also provided. However, the microphonecan be omitted, if desired. For example, the microphone can be omittedfrom the cable and the built-in microphone of the cellular telephone canbe used instead.

Generally, when the cable is used with a music device, then two speakersand two earpieces (where each earpiece has a dedicated speaker forstereo listening) are used.

Generally, the microphone can be omitted in a cable used with a musicdevice. However, a general purpose cable that is suitable for use witheither a cellular telephone or a music device (as well as with otherelectronic devices) can include a microphone.

The microphone can have a housing, a microphone transducer disposedwithin the housing, and a buffer disposed intermediate the microphonetransducer and the housing so as to mitigate undesirable noise. Thespeaker can have a speaker transducer disposed within a housing that iscomprised of a substantially rigid material that enhances durability.The cable assembly can facilitate electrical communication between theelectronic device and the microphone, as well as between the electronicdevice and the speaker.

In the present disclosure, various earpieces and other features aredescribed and set forth with regard to several embodiments. It iscontemplated that features of the disclosed embodiments may be combinedin any manner as may be desired for various applications andimplementations.

The cable assembly comprises an upper portion 100, as shown in FIG. 1and a lower portion 1300, as shown in FIG. 13. Upper portion 100 can beconnected to lower portion 1300 to form the complete cable assembly.

Referring now to FIG. 1, upper portion 100 can comprise an earpiece 101that is configured to fit within the concha of a user's ear so as totransmit sound (such as incoming cellular telephone transmissions,music, or other sound) to the user's eardrum, according to anembodiment. Examples of suitable earpieces are disclosed in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/411,314 filed on Apr. 26, 2006 and entitledEARPIECE WITH EXTENSION, the entire contents of which are herebyexpressly incorporated by reference. The cable assemblies of FIGS. 1 and13 are further disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/696,987filed on Apr. 5, 2007 and entitled CELLULAR TELEPHONE CABLE ASSEMBLY,the entire contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated byreference. The earpiece 101 can be used either with or without theextension.

Earpiece 101 can be attached to acoustic tubing 102 (e.g., which is alsoreferred to and may be implemented as an acoustic tube, thin acoustictube, or thin acoustic tubing), such as via barbed fitting 103. Acoustictubing 102 can be curved so as to facilitate easy routing thereof behindthe ear. Speaker 200 can be worn directly behind the ear, behind the earat the neck, in front of the ear, in the ear, or at any other desiredlocation. Either acoustic tubing 102 from speaker 200 or electricalcable 106 to speaker 200 can pass by or behind the ear. Barbed fitting103 can be an elbow fitting.

Acoustic tubing 102 can be attached to speaker 200, such as via a barbedfitting 202 (better shown in FIGS. 2 and 5-7) thereof. Speaker 200 cancomprise upper 500 and lower 800 housings, as discussed in detail below.A multi-conductor electrical cable 106 can extend from speaker 200 to aconnector, such as female connector 300 that electrically connects upperportion 100 of the cable assembly to lower portion 1300 (FIG. 13)thereof. For example, electrical cable 106 can comprise two conductorsthat facilitate operation of speaker 200. Strain relief 108 can beprovided for electrical cable 106 at connector 300. Electrical cable 106can comprise coils 107 that allow it to stretch as necessary to fit aparticular individual.

Electrical cable 106 can provide electrical signals to speaker 200.Speaker 200 can convert such electrical signals into acoustic signalsrepresentative thereof (and generally representative of speech or musicsuch as that received from a cellular telephone, music device, or thelike).

Referring now to FIG. 2, a speaker housing can enclose and protect aspeaker transducer 201, according to an embodiment. The speaker housingcan comprise upper speaker housing 500 (also referred to as an upperhousing and an upper speaker housing) and lower speaker housing 800(also referred to as a lower housing and a lower speaker housing). Upperspeaker housing 500 and lower speaker housing 800 can be formed of adurable, substantially rigid material.

For example, upper speaker housing 500 and lower speaker housing 800 canbe formed of a metal or alloy, such as a metal or alloy comprised ofaluminum (anodized aluminum, for example), titanium, magnesium, orsteel. Alternatively, upper speaker housing 500 and lower speakerhousing 800 can be formed of a polymer, such as ABS, polycarbonate, orhigh density polyethylene. Upper speaker housing 500 can attach to lowerspeaker housing 800 via threads, friction fit, adhesive bonding,ultrasonic welding, or by any other desired method.

Speaker transducer 201 can be selected so as to provide a substantiallyflat (when not modified by a sound limiting circuit) and clean response.A sound limiting circuit can be used to modify the response of speakertransducer 201 so as to enhance the comfort, utility, and safetythereof.

For example, the sound limiting circuit can modify the otherwise flatresponse so as to have dips in the response curve where objectionablenoise is known to occur. That is, the sound limiting circuit canmitigate such objectionable noise.

Cable 106 enters lower speaker housing 800 through opening 206 formedtherein. Ferrule 207 can be crimped around cable 106 to hold cable 106within the speaker housing, to provide strain relief, and/or to seal thespeaker housing (such as to seal moisture, atmospheric particulates andother contaminants out of the speaker housing). A knot (not shown) canbe formed in cable 106 and or conductors 203 thereof to inhibit cable106 from being inadvertently pulled from the speaker housing.

Conductors 203 from electrical cable 106 are electrically connected tospeaker transducer 201, so as to communicate speech from cellulartelephone or the like, as discussed above. Other conductors (not shown)may be used for other purposes.

Speaker transducer 201 can be generally surrounded by a boot 1100, so asto provide shock and vibration damping to speaker transducer 201. Boot1100 can be formed of a resilient polymer material, such as rubber, andis discussed in further detail below.

Referring now to FIG. 3, connector 300 can be used to attach upper cableassembly 100 to lower cable assembly 1300 (via connector 1301 of lowercable assembly 1300), according to an embodiment. Alternatively, uppercable assembly 100 can be permanently connected to lower cable assembly1300, according to an embodiment.

Further, a sound limiting circuit 400 can be disposed within connector300 so as to limit the amplitude and/or frequencies of soundcommunicated to the user's eardrum, as discussed in detail below. Soundlimiting circuit 400 may comprise passive components, active components,or any combination thereof Sound limiting circuit 400 may comprisediscrete components formed upon a printed circuit board or may use anyother desired method of packaging. Sound limiting circuit 400 may beanalog, digital, or a combination of analog and digital.

Referring now to FIG. 4, sound limiting circuit 400 can be configured soas to prevent loud, annoying, distracting, and/or harmful sounds frombeing communicated from a cellular telephone or the like to the user'seardrum, according to an embodiment. The amplitude and frequency of thesound can be controlled, enhancing the safety, comfort, and utility of acellular telephone or the like.

For example, sound limiting circuit 400 can comprise a capacitor 401 anda resistor 402 configured as a resistance-capacitance (RC) network,providing a desired frequency response. Capacitor 401 can be a 2.2microfarad capacitor and resistor 402 can be a 100 ohm resistor, forexample.

Further, sound limiting circuit 400 can comprise a pair of diodes 403and 404, and a resistor 405 configured so as to form an amplitudelimiter that shunts excessive amplitudes so that they are nottransformed into acoustic energy by speaker transducer 201. Diode 403can be SOT-23 diode, diode 404 can be a BAV199 diode, and resistor 405can be a 10 ohm resistor, for example. Those skilled in the art willappreciate that various such sound limiting circuits can be suitable foruse in various situations.

For example, in situations where it is anticipated that undesirablesounds of a particular frequency may be present in the received cellulartelephone signal or music device output, then sound limiting circuit 400can be specifically configured to mitigate such sounds.

Referring now to FIGS. 5-7, the speaker housing can comprise upperspeaker housing 500, according to an embodiment. Upper speaker housing500 can be generally cylindrical and substantially hollow. Thus, it canbe configured to receive a miniature speaker, such as those commonlyused with earpieces like earpiece 101. Barbed fitting 202 can extendfrom upper housing 500 and facilitates connection of upper housing 500to acoustic tubing 102. Upper speaker housing 500 can have a diameter ofapproximately 8.0 mm, for example.

Referring now to FIGS. 8-10, the speaker housing can also comprise lowerspeaker housing 800, according to an embodiment. Lower speaker housing800 can comprise an area of reduced diameter 801 that is configured tobe received within upper speaker housing 500 (as shown in FIG. 2) so asto facilitate attachment of lower speaker housing 800 to upper speakerhousing 500.

Referring now to FIGS. 11-12, boot 1100 can be generally cylindrical inshape and can have a diameter approximately equal to the inside diameterof upper speaker housing 500, according to an embodiment. Boot 1100 canbe formed of a resilient polymer material. Boot 1100 can have a diameterslightly greater than the inside diameter of upper speaker housing 500,such that boot 1100 must be compressed slightly in order to insert itinto upper speaker housing 500. Boot 1100 can have a generally squareopening 1101 formed therein for receiving speaker transducer 201.

Referring now to FIG. 13, lower cable assembly 1300 can comprise amicrophone 1400 that is configured to attach to the user's clothing,according to an embodiment. For example, the microphone 1400 can attachto the user's clothing proximate the user's mouth. For example,microphone 1400 can clip to the user's lapel. A connector, such as maleconnector 1301, can facilitate electrical connection of lower cableassembly 1300 to upper cable assembly 100 to define a complete cableassembly, as mentioned above.

A connector 1302, such as stereo phono plug, can be used to connectlower cable assembly 1300 (and consequently the complete cable assembly)to an electronic device. Connector 1302 can plug directly into theelectronic device.

Cable 1303 facilitates electrical connection between microphone 1400 andconnector 1302. Similarly, cable 1304 facilitates electrical connectionbetween upper portion of cable assembly 100 and connector 1302. Cable1303 and cable 1304 can join at Y-joint 1306 to form single cable 1305.Y-joint 1306 can comprise a housing similar in construction to thespeaker housing. Cable 1303 can be omitted for use with a music device.

More particularly, an upper Y-joint housing portion 1311 and a lowerY-joint housing portion 1312 can be formed of a durable, substantiallyrigid material. For example, upper Y-joint housing portion 1311 andlower Y-joint housing portion 1312 can be formed of a metal or alloy,such as a metal or alloy comprised of aluminum (anodized aluminum, forexample), titanium, magnesium, or steel. Alternatively, upper Y-jointhousing portion 1311 and lower portion 1312 can be formed of a polymer,such as ABS, polycarbonate, or high density polyethylene. Upper portion1311 can attach to lower portion 1312 via threads, friction fit,adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, or by any other desired method.

Microphone 1400 can be removably attachable to lower cable assembly1300, such as via a connector. Alternatively, microphone 1400 can bepermanently attached to lower cable assembly 1300, such as by being anintegral part thereof.

Referring now to FIG. 14, microphone 1400 can comprise a microphonetransducer 1401 generally surrounded by a buffer 1500 and disposedwithin a housing comprised of upper housing 1600 and lower housing 1402,according to an embodiment. Upper housing 1600 is discussed in detailbelow. Lower housing 1402 can be similar to lower speaker housing 800.

Buffer 1500 can comprise a vibration damping material that mitigates theundesirable transmission of ambient sound and vibration to microphonetransducer 1401 and, thus, enhances the quality of sound transmitted bya cellular telephone or the like. In one embodiment, buffer 1500 cancomprise a resilient polymer material.

For example, if a person is in a noisy vehicle, then engine, wind, andother noise can be substantial. In the absence of buffer 1500, suchengine noise can be undesirably transferred through the microphonehousing and to microphone transducer 1401. When the person attempts totransmit a telephone message, the noise will be transmitted as well.However, buffer 1500 inhibits the transmission of such noise from themicrophone housing to microphone transducer 1401 and thereby enhancestransmission quality.

Further, the microphone housing can mitigate the undesirable generationand transmission of harmonics, thereby tending to acoustically stabilizethe microphone. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, suchharmonics detract from the ability of a listener to understandtransmitted telephone messages.

Referring now to FIG. 15, buffer 1500 can be generally cylindrical inshape and can conform in size and shape to at least a portion of theinside of the microphone housing, such as the upper housing 1600thereof, according to an embodiment. Buffer 1500 can comprise ribs 1501.Ribs 1501 can function as standoffs that reduce the cross-sectional areaof the path for sound to travel from the microphone housing throughbuffer 1500.

That is, ribs 1501 can separate the bulk of buffer 1500 from themicrophone housing. Ribs 1501 can also provide a tighter fit of buffer1500 within the microphone housing, so as to prevent it from slippingtherefrom, such as during assembly thereof. An opening 1502 can beformed in upper buffer 1500, so as to facilitate the transmission ofairborne sound to microphone transducer 1401.

Referring now to FIGS. 16-18, upper housing 1600 is generallycylindrical in shape, according to an embodiment. An opening 1701 can beformed in upper housing 1600, so as to facilitate the transmission ofairborne sound to microphone transducer 1401.

Upper housing 1600 and lower housing 1402 can be formed of a durable,substantially rigid material. For example, upper housing 1600 and lowerhousing 1402 can be formed of a metal or alloy, such as a metal or alloycomprised of aluminum (anodized aluminum, for example), titanium,magnesium, or steel. Alternatively, upper housing 1600 and lower housing1402 can be formed of a polymer, such as ABS, polycarbonate, or highdensity polyethylene. Upper housing 1600 can attach to lower housing1402 via threads, friction fit, adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, orby any other desired method.

Referring now to FIG. 19, an electrical schematic of the cable assemblyis provided, according to an embodiment. A connector 1302, such as astereo phono plug, facilitates electrical connection of the cableassembly to an electronic device.

The use of a stereo phono plug for connector 1302 provides for threeseparate electrical connections to an electronic device. The tip 1901 ofphono plug connector 1302 can be used to provide electrical connectionfor speaker 200. The middle 1902 of phono plug connector 1302 can beused to provide electrical connection for microphone 1400. The base 1903of phono plug connector 1302 can be a common conductor, e.g., ground,for both speaker 200 and microphone 1400. Other configurations ofconnector 1302 and other types of connectors can alternatively beutilized.

Optionally, a push-to-talk switch 1904 (also referred to as apress-to-talk switch) can be used to facilitate transmission of voiceaccording to well known principles. For example, push-to-talk switch1904 can be used when the cable assembly is to be used with a two-wayradio, e.g., a walkie talkie. However, push-to-talk switch 1904 can beomitted when the cable assembly is used with many electronic devices.

A resistor 1906 can be used for current limiting or impedance matchingfor microphone 1400. As those skilled in the art will appreciate,various other components can be used in the cable assembly for a varietyof different purposes.

As discussed above, male connector 1301 and female connector 300 can beused to connect lower cable portion 1300 to upper cable portion 100.Alternatively, lower cable portion 1300 and upper cable portion 100 canbe formed integrally, as a one-piece cable assembly that eliminates theneed for connectors 300 and 1301.

As discussed above, sound limiting circuit 400 enhances the comfort andsafety of the user by modifying the electrical signal prior to theelectrical signal being converted into acoustic energy. Sound limitingcircuit 400 can be inside of connector 300.

Alternatively, sound limiting circuit 400 can be inside of connector1301, inside of phono plug connector 1302, inside of the speaker 200, orat any other desired location on cable assembly 2000. For example, soundlimiting circuit 400 can be along cable 106.

Referring now to FIG. 21, Y-joint 1306 can be used to form a twospeaker/two earpiece cable, such as for stereo listening to a musicdevice, according to an embodiment. Optionally, the microphone 1400 canbe included, such as by additionally having microphone cable 1303 branchoff from Y-joint 1306 as well.

Instead of having two separate speakers for a stereo configuration asshown in FIG. 21, the cable assembly can alternatively have a singlespeaker that provides sound to both earpieces to define a monauralconfiguration. For example, a single speaker can be placed at Y-joint1306 and two acoustic tubes can lead therefrom to earpieces 101.

According to one embodiment, an earpiece is held in place by anatomicalstructures of the ear and the earpiece holds the extension in placewithin the ear canal 5509 (see FIG. 98). That is, the earpiece preventsthe extension from loosening or falling out of the ear canal 5509.According to one embodiment, the earpiece positions a sound port at thedistal end of the extension near the eardrum so that the volume of atwo-way radio can be reduced. That is, the earpiece determines how farinto the ear the extension extends.

Various combinations of sound attenuation and sound transmission may beprovided. For example, a hollow or partially hollow extension may beconfigured so as to substantially attenuate some ambient sound (such aspotentially harmful loud noise), while allowing some ambient sound (suchas voices) to be heard. Optionally, the extension can comprise one ormore openings that allow a substantial portion of ambient sound to beheard, while also allowing radio communications to be heard. Optionally,a filter may be used to selectively allow sounds to be heard.

Referring now to FIGS. 22, 23, 27, and 28, one exemplary embodimentcomprises an earpiece 11 to which an extension 12 (also referred to asan insert and an ear insert) is attached. Earpiece 11 is configured tobe disposed in the concha of the outer ear.

Extension 12 is configured to be disposed within the ear canal 5509.

In one embodiment, earpiece 11 can have a generally D shapedconfiguration. Earpiece 11 can comprise a generally arcuate rib 13 thathas upper and lower ends. Generally arcuate rib 13 can be attached to agenerally vertical rib 14 at the upper and lower ends of generallyarcuate rib 13. An upper lobe 16 can be formed proximate where generallyarcuate rib 13 and generally vertical rib 14 join at the top of earpiece11. A smooth curve 17 can be formed proximate where generally arcuaterib 13 and generally vertical rib 14 join at the bottom of earpiece 11,or if necessary a lower lobe could be formed to engage the tragus 5505and antitragus 5504 (see FIG. 98).

According to an embodiment, earpiece 11 is configured to fit multiplesizes of ears. More particularly, generally arcuate rib 13 is deformableso as to permit earpiece 11 to fit into smaller concha bowls.

Earpiece 11 is configured to be disposed and held in place within theconcha of a human ear. More particularly, the crus 5506 of the helix5507 and the antihelix 5510 (see FIG. 98) of a wearer's ear cooperate tocapture upper lobe 16. The antihelix 5510 and the antitragus 5504cooperate to capture generally arcuate rib 13. Thus, earpiece 11 isconfigured to be captured by protrusions of the concha. In this manner,earpiece 11 is held firmly in place within the concha and can thereforemaintain extension 12 in a desired position within the ear canal 5509.

Extension 12 can be either removably or permanently attached to earpiece11. Extension 12 can be removably attached to earpiece 11 by frictionfit, by detents, by threads, or by any other desired means. For example,extension 12 can be friction fit to earpiece 11 by sizing a proximalportion 21 (see FIG. 23) of extension 12 so as to fit tightly within anaperture 61 (also referred to as an opening or a hole) of earpiece 11(see FIG. 27). Extension 12 can be permanently attached to earpiece 11by adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, or by any other desired means.Alternatively, extension 12 can be integrally formed to earpiece 11,such as by injection molding earpiece 11 and extension 12 within acommon mold cavity. Thus, earpiece 11 and extension 12 can be formedeither integrally or separately.

Earpiece 11 and extension 12 can be formed of a soft, resilient materialto enhance comfort during use. Both earpiece 11 and extension 12 can beformed of the same material. For example, earpiece 11 and extension 12can be formed of a resilient polymer, such as silicon rubber. Forexample, in one embodiment, earpiece 11 and extension 12 can be formedof a material having a Shore A durometer of between 35 and 45, such as aShore A durometer of approximately 40. Alternatively, in anotherembodiment, the earpiece 11 can be formed of a more rigid material.

In one embodiment, earpiece 11 functions as a stop to prevent extension12 from being inserted too far into the ear. In one embodiment, earpiece11 also prevents extension 12 from being inadvertently removed orloosened from the ear. In one embodiment, the length of extension 12determines, at least in part, how close the tip thereof is positionedwith respect to the eardrum.

With particular reference to FIG. 23, according to one embodiment theextension 12 comprises a stem 15 and two flanges, 18 and 19 (e.g., alsoreferred to as flanged members). Extension 12 can comprise any desirednumber of flanges, including no flanges at all, as discussed in furtherdetail herein. Stem 15 can either be solid (so as to substantially blocksound) or hollow (so as to substantially transmit sound). Stem 15 canalso be partially hollow (so as to selectively transmit sound).

Stem 15 can bend such that it angles upwardly to conform to the upwardangle of the ear canal 5509. For example, in one embodiment, stem 15 canbend such that it angles upwardly at an angle, angle A, of approximately30°. In one embodiment, the distance between the proximal end ofextension 12 and the distal end of outer flange 19, dimension B, can beapproximately 0.545 inch. In one embodiment, the distance between theproximal end of extension 12 and the point where a filter (such as aHocks filter) ends, dimension C, can be approximately 0.304 inch. In oneembodiment, the distance between the proximal end of extension 12 andthe bend in stem 15, dimension D, can be approximately 0.680 inch. Inone embodiment, the distance between the proximal end of extension 12and a distal end of inner flange 18, dimension E, can be approximately0.743 inch. In one embodiment, the distance between the proximal end ofextension 12 and the distal end of inner flange 18, dimension F, can beapproximately 0.870 inch.

In one embodiment, the diameter of stem 15 can be approximately 0.189inch. Stem 15 can optionally have a bore 22 formed therethrough. In oneembodiment, bore 22 can have a diameter of approximately 0.094 inch. Inone embodiment, outer flange 19 can have a radius of approximately 0.241inch. Similarly, in one embodiment, inner flange 18 can have a radius ofapproximately 0.193 inch. Thus, the radius of inner flange 18 can besubstantially less than the radius of outer flange 19, so as to betteraccommodate the manner in which the ear canal 5509 becomes narrower asit gets deeper.

The exemplary angle and dimensions discussed above provide a singleextension 12 that is suitable for use with a large number ofindividuals. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that otherdimensions are likewise suitable.

The distal end 25 of bore 22 defines a sound output port 26 (see FIGS.23 and 30). Extension 12 is configured such that sound output port 26 ispositioned proximate the wearer's eardrum. That is, extension 12 can beconfigured so as to position a distal end 25 thereof proximate theeardrum. In this manner, sound transmitted through bore 22 (such assound from a two-way radio), is brought close to the eardrum such thatthe volume of the sound required can be substantially reduced. Forexample, the extension can position sound output port 26 within one,two, or three millimeters of the eardrum. In one embodiment, theextension can have a length of approximately ½ inch. In one embodiment,the extension can have a length of ⅝ inch or more.

Adjustment of the position of the distal end 25, as well as of theflanges 18 and 19, facilitates enhanced fitting of the earpiece 11. Inthis manner, comfort is enhanced. Because comfort is enhanced, a user ismore likely to wear the earpiece 11. A better fit allows earpiece 11 tobe worn for longer periods of time for both communications and hearingprotection. A better fit also substantially reduces the likelihood oftissue damage to the ear caused by the earpiece 11.

A head 23 can be formed upon the proximal end of stem 15 so as toenhance friction with respect to aperture 61 of earpiece 11 and/or so asto define detents that tend to keep extension 12 attached to earpiece11. Bevels 24 can optionally be formed upon head 23 to better facilitateinsertion of head 23 through aperture 161. The head 23 can be positionedwithin the aperture 61 (FIGS. 27 and 28) of the earpiece 11 or can bepushed entirely therethrough and thus be position on the outward side ofearpiece 11.

The extension 12 may comprise a flanged extension, having flanges 18 and19 as shown in FIGS. 23-26 and 29-32, or may be a non-flanged extension.In one embodiment, the flanges 18 and 19 generally fill (close off) theear canal 5509 and tend to block ambient sound. Although sometimes it isdesirable to block ambient sound, other times, it is desirable for theuser to hear ambient sound. Thus, the flanges 18 and 19 can have one ormore openings 31 formed therein, as discussed herein. Although twoflanges 18 and 19 are shown, the extension 12 may comprise more or lessflanges. For example, the extension 12 may comprise three, four, five,six, or more flanges, or no flanges. The flanges 18 and 19 need not beidentical, but rather may vary in size, shape, orientation and/orpositions of attachment to the stem 15, for example.

The extension 12 can have a bore 22 formed therethrough to facilitatethe transmission of sound from a speaker (such as via acoustic tubingconnected to the speaker) to the user's eardrum. Alternatively, theextension 12 can lack such a bore, so as to define an earplug, such asfor attenuating ambient sound. Indeed, the bore 22 and/or openings 31 inthe stem 15 and/or flanges 18 and 19 can be configured so as toselectively transmit and block desired sounds. Such selectivity can bebased upon the frequency and/or intensity of the sound.

Thus, petitions, baffles, and/or restrictions (such as portions ofreduced diameter), as well as openings in the stem and/or flanges, canbe configured so as to modify sound transmitted through the extension ina desired manner. For example, sound within the voice range offrequencies can be selectively passed through the extension withcomparatively less attenuation and sounds outside of the voice range canbe selectively attenuated.

The extension can be configured so as to lack a bore. Thus, a user canwear one earpiece having an extension with a bore and one earpiecelacking a bore. The earpiece having an extension with a bore facilitateslistening to a radio, while the earpiece having an extension without abore at least partially blocks distracting and/or potentially harmfulambient sound (it functions as an earplug).

In a similar manner, one earpiece can be configured so as to selectivelypass voice and to selectively mitigate other sounds. The other earpiececan be configured so as to selectively pass all of the sound from atwo-way radio.

A user can wear one earpiece 11 having an extension 12 with a bore 22and one earpiece 11 lacking a bore 22. The earpiece having an extension12 with a bore 22 facilitates listening to a radio, while the earpiece11 having an extension 12 without a bore 22 at least partially blocksdistracting and/or potentially harmful ambient sound.

Referring now to FIG. 24, flanges, 18 and 19 of extension 12 canoptionally have one or more openings 31 formed therein. For example,each flange, 18 and 19, can have one, two, three, or four openings 31formed therein. Openings 31 can be holes.

Alternatively, the openings 31 can be cutouts, such as notches formed inthe flanges 18 and 19. The openings 31 allow at least some ambient soundto better reach the user's eardrum.

Such openings 31 may be desirable when an embodiment is intended tofacilitate listening to a two-way radio and when it is also desirable tohear ambient sound. For example, such openings 31 may be desirable inpolice applications where a police officer is required to hear both thetwo-way radio and face-to-face conversations.

Referring now to FIG. 25, one or more openings 41 can be formed in stem15, such as intermediate or proximate flanges 18 and 19. A curablepolymer material suitable for use in the ear canal 5509 can be injectedinto the tube such that it substantially fills the tube and/or at leastsome space between the flanges 18 and 19. That is, the injected polymermaterial extrudes from the openings 41 and tends to fill in the spaceintermediate the flanges 18 and 19. This injection may be accomplishedwith the extension inserted into a wearer's ear canal 5509, so as toprovide a custom fit. Alternatively, this injection may be performedusing an artificial ear canal, such as for mass production.

Silicon rubber may be used as the extrudable material. Generally, anyextrudable material suitable for use as earplugs can be used. In thisfashion, attenuation of ambient sound is enhanced. Such earplugs aresuitable for use in gun ranges and noisy industrial environments.

The opening at the distal end of the tube can optionally be closed toprevent leakage of the injected polymer material therefrom. A skin maybe formed over the flanged extension to trap the polymer material and/orto facilitate easier insertion into the ears. Alternatively, theopenings 41 can be omitted and the central bore of the tube can still befilled with polymer material to attenuate sound.

Referring now to FIG. 26, a filter 51 can be inserted into bore 22 toselectively mitigate sound exposure. For example, a Hocks filter can beused to mitigate exposure to louder sounds, while still allowing awearer to hear quieter sounds, such as speech.

Referring now to FIGS. 27 and 28, an earpiece 11 that is configured foruse in the left ear is shown with the extension 12 removed therefrom.Generally arcuate rib 13 and generally vertical rib 14 generally definea D shape. When a mirror image of generally arcuate rib 13 and generallyvertical rib 14 are configured for use in the right ear, a reverse(mirror image) generally D shape is similarly defined.

In one embodiment, for a medium size earpiece, the height, dimension G,can be approximately 1.087 inch and the width, dimension H, can beapproximately 0.802 inch. In one embodiment, for a large size earpiece,the height, dimension G, can be approximately 1.150 inch and the width,dimension H, is approximately 0.850 inch.

In various embodiments, an earpiece 11 can optionally be used without anextension 12. The number of flanges 18 and 19, as well as theconfiguration of the flanges 18 and 19, can be varied to provide adesired balance of intensity of ambient sound and sound from the radio.The configuration of the flanges 18 and 19 can include the thicknessthereof and the presence of openings 31 therein. This balance can dependupon the environment in which the earpiece 11/extension 12 is being usedand can also depend upon the wearer's preference.

Referring now to FIGS. 29 and 30, outer flange 19 can optionally beomitted. Indeed, as mentioned above, extension 12 can comprise anydesired number of flanges, including no flanges. In some instances, asingle flange may perform adequately. This is particularly true when itis desirable to allow the wearer to hear ambient sound. Omitting theother flange(s) better allows ambient sound to be heard. In someapplications, the primary reason for wearing the earpiece 11 may be toallow the wearer to better hear radio communications. Positioning outputport 26 close to the eardrum accomplishes this goal.

Referring now to FIG. 31, an acoustic tube 102 can be attached toearpiece 11 and/or extension 12 such that a generally continuous bore isdefined through which sound can travel from a speaker to the eardrum. Abarbed metal or plastic fitting can be used to accomplish suchattachment. Other methods of attachment, such as the use of adhesivebonding and/or ultrasonic welding, are likewise suitable.

Since the distal end 25 of extension 12 can be placed close to awearer's eardrum, the volume of a two-way radio or other device (such asa cellular telephone, music device, or other device) can besubstantially reduced. With the volume reduced, sound advantageouslycannot be as easily heard by others. Thus, during covert operations, forexample, the likelihood of someone other than the wearer undesirablyhearing sound from a two-way radio is substantially mitigated. Byreducing the sound volume, smaller, less powerful, and/or less expensivespeakers can be used. Placing the sound closer to the eardrum can makeit easier for the hearing impaired to hear.

Sound transmissive embodiments (such as those embodiments having a bore22 formed through stem 15) can similarly be used with a variety ofpersonal electronic devices that produce sound, including two-wayradios, cellular telephones, music devices, personal digital assistants(PDAs), desktop computers, laptop computers, notebook computers, pocketPCs, hearing aids, and other devices.

Referring now to FIG. 32, according to another embodiment the extension12 comprises one or more flanges 18 and 19 (similar to those of FIGS.22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, and/or 31), having a skin or covering 111formed thereover. Covering 111 can be formed of a thin resilientmaterial, such as rubber, such as that of which common balloons areformed. Optionally, foam or gel 112 can be disposed between the covering111 and flanges 18 and 19. Foam or gel 112 can comprise a biocompatiblematerial, such as a silicon. Foam or gel 112 can extend proximal offlange 19 if desired.

Foam or gel 112 can be injected between covering 111 and flanges 18 and19 through openings 41 (see FIG. 25), as discussed herein. Such acovering 111 can be used with extension 12 shown in FIG. 25, where anextrudable substance (which can be a foam or gel) is injected into bore22 (see FIGS. 22 and 23) and passes through holes 41 to fill the voidbetween the flanges 18 and 19.

Thus, according to at least one exemplary embodiment the extension 12can comprise a tube (such as stem 15) and a skin or covering 111 (e.g.,a rubber skin in one example), wherein foam or gel 112 or some otherresilient substance is disposed between the tube and the skin orcovering 111. The tube can be formed of a flexible polymer material.However, the tube may alternatively be formed of a rigid polymer ormetal material. The tube, foam or gel 112, and skin or covering 111 canbe attached to one another via any desired combination of frictionfitting, adhesive bonding, and ultrasonic welding. The extension 12 canbe tapered to facilitate easy insertion into the ear canal 5509 and toprovide a good fit therein. The covering 111 can be smooth and/orlubricated so as to facilitate easy insertion thereof.

Any desired combination of flanges, foam, fiber, and fabric can be usedto at least partially block the ear canal 5509 and thereby mitigate thetransmission of sound therethrough. For example, the flange 18 of theextension 12 of FIG. 30 could be replaced with a section of foam or gelsimilar to the foam or gel 112 shown in FIG. 32.

In various embodiments, the extension 12 can be bent as shown in FIGS.22-26 and 29-32 so as to better conform to the shape of the ear canal5509. Alternatively, extensions can be provided that are generallyvertical (e.g., straight) as shown in FIGS. 33-36 further discussedherein. If an extension is generally vertical, it can be formed of amaterial that is bendable, so that the extension can conform, at leastsomewhat, to the shape of the ear canal 5509 when inserted therein.

The aperture 161 (see FIG. 27) in earpiece 111 can be configured suchthat the extension 12 is positioned at the top of the ear canal 5509, atthe bottom of the ear canal 5509, at one side of the ear canal 5509, oris approximately centered in the ear canal 5509. In one embodiment,configuring the aperture 61 such that the extension 12 is notapproximately centered causes the extension 12 to be biased toward aninner surface of the ear canal 5509 and can help to keep the earpiece 11and extension 12 in the ear. In one embodiment, if the earpiece 11and/or the flanges 18 and 19 of the extension 12 are sufficient to keepthe earpiece 11 and the extension 12 in the ear, then the extension 12can be positioned approximately in the center of the ear canal 5509.Positioning the extension 12 approximately in the center of the earcanal 5509 may be more comfortable for some wearers.

Any of the extensions disclosed herein that employ flanges can either beambidextrous (formed to fit either the right or left ear), or can bededicated to fit only one ear. Thus, the flanges can be either radiallysymmetric for use with either ear, or can be asymmetric such that theytend to be optimized for a particular ear (left or right). They can alsobe optimized in configuration so as to better fit a particular person'sear.

In certain embodiments, any of the flanges disclosed herein may beformed integrally with the stem of an associated extension. In otherembodiments, the flanges may be formed separate from the stem and may beformed of a different material with respect thereto.

In various embodiments, an extension may be provided with multipleflanges to advantageous effect over implementations employing fewerflanges. For example, in one embodiment, multiple flanges may permit anearpiece to be better secured in the ear. In another embodiment,multiple flanges may mitigate ambient sound before such sound reaches awearer's eardrum, particularly if the flanges do not have holes formedtherein. In another embodiment, multiple flanges may better prevent thesound of a radio or other sound device from escaping from the ear andthus prevent such sound from being undesirably heard by others,particularly if the flanges do not have holes formed therein.

FIGS. 33-38 illustrate several extensions that may be used with thevarious earpieces of the present disclosure. Referring now to FIG. 33,an extension 118 can have three flanges 121 formed upon stem 15 thereofAs those skilled in the art will appreciate, the use of more flangesgenerally provides better sound reduction. The use of more flanges canalso better secure the extension 118 within the ear canal 5509.

Referring now to FIG. 34, an extension 119 can have four flanges 121formed upon stem 15 thereof Indeed, the extension 119 can have anydesired number of flanges formed upon stem 15 thereof

Referring now to FIGS. 35-37, an extension 120 may include a stem 15covered with a resilient substance 141 such as foam, fiber, or fabric.Foam, such as a polymer foam, can be used to define a portion of theextension 120. In one embodiment, the foam is compressed before or as itenters the ear canal 5509 and then expands so as to effectively block atleast a portion of the ear canal 5509. In a similar manner, fiber, suchas cotton, can be used to define a portion of the extension. Forexample, cotton can cover a portion of the extension in a manner similarto the way that cotton covers the end of a cotton swab. Cotton fiber issufficiently compressible and resilient so as to function in a mannersimilar to foam. Fabric, such as woven cotton, can similarly be used tocover a portion of the extension 120. Any desired combination of foam,fiber, and fabric may be used. For example, cotton fabric can be used tocover cotton fiber.

Referring now to FIG. 37, the resilient substance 141 can be tapered. Inone embodiment, tapering the resilient substance 141 makes it conformbetter to the shape of the ear canal 5509. In one embodiment, taperingthe resilient substance 141 can make insertion thereof into the earcanal 5509 easier.

The resilient substance 141 of FIGS. 35-37 can be formed over stem 15,as discussed above. Alternatively, the resilient substance 141 can beattached to head 23 or the like without being formed over a stem. Forexample, the resilient substance 141 can be attached to a shorter stemthat does not pass substantially therethrough. As a further example, theresilient substance 141 can be attached directly to head 23 or the like.

Referring now to FIG. 38, an extension 122 is shown with a portion 171that is inserted into the ear canal 5509 and can be formed such that itdoes not substantially enter the ear canal 5509. The portion 171 can beformed of a rigid material or of a resilient substance. It can also beformed by providing a resilient layer over a substantially rigidmaterial. It need only enter the ear canal 5509 far enough so as to beeffective in mitigating the level of ambient sound reaching the eardrum.

The number of flanges and/or the selection of resilient material canselectively determine the intensity and/or frequency of ambient soundthat is transmitted to a wearer's eardrum. Thus, control over theambient sound that is heard can be achieved. Desirable, lower intensitysounds can be readily transmitted to the eardrum, while harmful, higherintensity sounds are attenuated.

The use of an extension moves sound closer to the eardrum, thus makingit substantially easier to hear cellular telephones, music devices, andthe like. This can allow the cellular telephone or other device tooperate at a substantially lower sound level, such as at 70-75 dB, forexample. The extension can, for example, extend approximately half wayup the ear canal 5509. It has been found that the use of such anextension can boost sound by up to approximately 15 dB. Such a boost canmake sound much easier to hear in noisy environments, such as in crowds.At the same time, the use of an open earpiece (an earpiece that does notcompletely obscure the ear canal 5509, such as that shown in FIG. 27)allows the user to hear ambient sound. Such a boost of the sound levelprovides enhanced listening to cellular telephones and other devicesthat is beneficial for both hearing impaired and normal hearing people.

Methods and systems for interconnecting acoustic devices, such as thoseof a communications system, are disclosed. Such methods and systems canfacilitate the attachment of multiple acoustic devices to a singleearpiece so as to facilitate easy and convenient listening to theacoustic devices. A plurality of acoustic devices can be heardsimultaneously, if desired.

According to an embodiment, a multiple input acoustic coupler cancomprise an output port configured to attach to an earpiece and aplurality of input ports in acoustic communication with the output port.Each port (input and/or output) can comprise an elongated tubularportion. Each port can optionally further comprise one or more barbs forsecurely attaching the multiple input acoustic coupler to desired items.For example, the output port can be attached to an earpiece and each ofthe input ports can be attached to an audio device. The input ports canbe attached to the audio devices via acoustic tubing.

The tubular portions of the multiple input acoustic coupler can begenerally orthogonal with respect to one another. The tubular portionsof the multiple input acoustic coupler can be non-orthogonal withrespect to one another. The tubular portions of the multiple inputacoustic coupler can be at any desired angle or combination of angleswith respect to one another. Thus, the input ports can be generallyorthogonal with respect to the output port. Also, the output port andthe input ports can be generally orthogonal with respect to one another.

The input ports can be configured so as to accommodate the anatomicalconfiguration of the ear. For example, the multiple input acousticcoupler can comprise two input ports and one output port in which theangle between the two input ports is an angle that allows the two inputports to be comfortably disposed upon the two sides of the tragus 5505.The angle between each of the input ports and the output port cansimilarly be an angle that allows the two input ports to be comfortablydisposed upon the two sides of the tragus 5505. The angle between thetwo input ports can be greater than 90 degrees and the angle betweeneach input port and the output port can be greater than 90 degrees. Byaccommodating the anatomical configuration of the ear, the multipleinput acoustic coupler can be made more ergonomic.

The input ports can be approximately the same size with respect to oneanother. Alternatively, input ports can be different sizes with respectto one another.

Similarly, the output port and the input ports can be approximately thesame size with respect to one another. Alternatively, the output portand the input ports can be different sizes with respect to one another.All of the ports (input and/or output) can be different sizes withrespect to one another.

All of the ports can have approximately the same diameter or the portscan have different diameters. All of the ports can have approximatelythe same length or the ports can have different lengths. Moreover, theports can be of any desired combination of diameters, lengths, angleswith respect to one another, and configurations (such as regardingnumber of barbs).

The multiple input acoustic coupler can comprise two ports, three ports,four ports, or more ports. The multiple input acoustic coupler cancomprise up to five generally orthogonal input ports. The multiple inputacoustic coupler can comprise any desired number of non-orthogonal inputports. The multiple input acoustic coupler will typically comprise oneoutput port. The multiple input acoustic coupler can comprise any desirenumber of input ports.

The input ports and the output port can be formed of plastic. The inputports and the output port can be integrally formed, such as by moldingall of the ports of the multiple input acoustic coupler as a singledevice. Ports can be formed of different materials with respect to oneanother.

The multiple input acoustic coupler can comprise a plurality of portsthat are attachable to one another. In this manner, the ports can becustom configured for a particular application and/or user. For example,the angle between two adjacent input ports, as well as the diameter andlength of the input ports, can be tailored so as to better accommodatethe user's ear anatomy, particularly that of the concha and the tragus5505.

The multiple input acoustic coupler can be formed of a material thatallows the ports to be bent. Thus, the angle of the ports with respectto one another, as well as the shape of the ports, can be varied. Theinput ports can be bent so as to better accommodate the anatomicalstructures of the ear. For example, the input ports can be bent so as toprovide better routing around the tragus 5505.

An embodiment can comprise an earpiece assembly comprising an earpiececonfigured to be received within the concha of an ear and a multipleinput acoustic coupler attached to the earpiece. The acoustic couplercan comprise an output port configured to attach to an earpiece and aplurality of input ports in acoustic communication with the output port.Each of the input ports can be attached to a different audio device soas to facilitate listening thereto.

An embodiment can comprise a cable assembly comprising at least twoelectrical cables configured to communicate electrical signalsrepresentative of sound, at least two speakers in which each speaker isin electrical communication with a dedicated one of the electricalcables, at least two acoustic tubes in which each acoustic tube is inacoustic communication with a dedicated one of the speakers, and anacoustic coupler in acoustic communication with the acoustic tubes. Theacoustic coupler can comprise an output port configured to attach to anearpiece and a plurality of input ports in acoustic communication withthe output port. An earpiece can be in acoustic communication withmultiple input acoustic couplers.

An embodiment can comprise a method for assembling an earpiece assemblyin which the method comprises attaching an acoustic coupler to anearpiece. The acoustic coupler can comprise an output port that isconfigured to attach to the earpiece and a plurality of input ports thatare in acoustic communication with the output port. The acoustic couplercan be attached to the earpiece by any desired method. For example, theacoustic coupler can be friction fit, attached via barbs or detents,adhesively bonded, and/or ultrasonically welded to the earpiece.

Optionally, a filter can be disposed within or proximate one of theports. For example, a Hocks filter can be disposed within the outputport to facilitate filtering of all of the audio provided to theearpiece. Similarly, a Hocks filter can be disposed within one or moreof the input ports to facilitate filtering of the audio provided viathose particular input ports.

The output port and the input ports can have any desired number of barbsformed thereon. For example, the output port and the input ports canhave zero, one, two, three, four, or more barbs formed thereon. Eachport (input or output) can have any desired number of barbs formedthereon. Thus, each port does not have to have the same number of portsformed thereon. For example, the output port can have zero barbs formedthereon, one input port can have one barb formed thereon, another inputport can have two barbs formed thereon, and another input port can havethree barbs formed thereon. Thus, the multiple input acoustic couplercan have any desired combination of barbs formed upon the ports thereof.

Indeed, the multiple input acoustic coupler can have any combination ofport diameters, lengths, number of barbs and any other attributes. Forexample, all of the ports can have different diameters, lengths, andnumber of barbs.

According to an embodiment, a method for providing sound from two audiodevices to an earpiece can comprise acoustically mixing the sound in afitting that is attached to the earpiece. The fitting can have anydesired physical configuration.

Referring now to FIGS. 39 and 40, according to an embodiment, a multipleinput acoustic coupler 210 comprises three ports. Each port can comprisea tubular portion 211 and a barb 212. The ports can be generallyorthogonal to one another. Alternatively, the ports can be at any otherdesired angle with respect to one another.

One of the ports can be an output port 215. The other two ports can beinput ports 216. The output port 215 and the input ports 216 can besubstantially identical to one another, thus making the designations ofoutput and input somewhat arbitrary (at least when the acoustic coupler210 is not attached to anything). Alternatively, the output port 215and/or the input ports 216 can be different from one another. Forexample, the ports can vary in length, inner diameter, outer diameter,number of barbs, material, configuration of bore (presence ofobstructions or filters) or in any other aspect thereof.

The tubular portion 211 of each port can comprise a bore 213 formedtherethrough. The bore 213 can be formed entirely through the tubularportion 211 or can be formed partially therethrough. The bore 213 can beformed entirely through the tubular portion so as allow sound to traveltherethrough substantially unmodified. The bore 213 can be formedpartially through the tubular portion 211 so as to modify sound passingtherethrough. For example, the bore 213 can contain obstructions,partitions, filters, and/or portions of reduced diameter so as to modifythe spectral content and/or intensity of sound passing therethrough.

All bores 213 can be interconnected such that sound can be communicatedtherethrough. Thus, sound from any input port 216 can be transmitted tothe output port 215.

Referring now to FIG. 41, according to an embodiment, a multiple inputacoustic coupler 230 can have three barbs 212 on each port thereof.Generally, the more barbs that a port has, the more securely that portcan be attached to another item such as an earpiece or acoustic tubing.

Referring now to FIGS. 42 and 43, an earpiece assembly 240 can comprisea multiple input acoustic coupler 210 that is attached to an earpiece241. The earpiece 241 can be configured to be disposed within the conchaof a user's ear.

Optionally, an insert such as flanged insert 242 (also referred to as anextension) can extend from the earpiece 241. The insert can beconfigured to be received within a user's ear canal 5509. One or moreflanges 243 can be formed upon insert 242.

Referring now to FIG. 44, one or more embodiments of the multiple inputacoustic coupler can be used to partially define a cable assembly foruse with multiple audio devices. For example, the cable assembly can beused with a two-way radio and a cellular telephone. As a furtherexample, the cable assembly can be used with a cellular telephone and amusic device. The cable assembly can be used with any desired numberand/or combination of audio devices.

Thus, the multiple inlet acoustic coupler allows two or more cables toprovide sound to the user's ear. The sound can be provided from eachcable (and thus from each audio device) simultaneously. Each cable canbe attached to a different audio device and thus can provide differentsound to the user's ear. Connectors 2300 of each cable can attach to anaudio device. Alternatively, one or more of the connectors 2300 canattach to another cable, such as another cable that has a microphonelike the microphone cable 1303 of FIG. 13.

A cable assembly can comprise a plurality of upper portions 2100, asshown in FIG. 44 (in which two upper portions 2100 are shown). The cableassembly can optionally comprise one or more lower portions 1300, asshown in FIG. 13. One or both upper portions 2100 can be connected to alower portion 1300, to form a radio cable assembly that facilitates bothreception and transmission. Alternatively, one or more upper portions2100 can attach to an audio device within using a lower portion 1300 asdiscussed above. Thus, an upper portion 2100 can connect directly to anaudio device. For example, when the microphone 1400 of the lower portion1300 is not required, then the upper portion(s) 2100 can be configuredso as to connect directly to one or more audio devices.

The upper portions 2100 can comprise speakers 2200 that provide sound tothe user's ear via the multiple input acoustic coupler 210. The lowerportion 1300 can comprise a microphone 1400, such as for use with atwo-way radio and/or a cellular telephone. The upper portion 2100 andthe lower portion 1300 can be integrated so as to provide a single cableinstead of two separate cable portions.

With particular reference to FIG. 44, two upper cable portions 2100 canbe attached to an earpiece 2214 that is configured to fit within theconcha of a user's ear so as to transmit sound (such as incoming radiotransmissions) to the user's eardrum, according to an embodiment.

Earpiece 2214 can be attached to acoustic tubing 2102, such as viamultiple input acoustic coupler 210. Acoustic tubing 2102 can be curvedso as to facilitate easy routing thereof behind the ear. Speaker 2200can be worn directly behind the ear, behind the ear at the neck, infront of the ear, in the ear, or at any other desired location. Eitheracoustic tubing 2102 from speaker 2200 or electrical cable 2106 tospeaker 2200 can pass by or behind the ear.

Acoustic tubing 2102 can be attached to speaker 2200, such as via abarbed fitting 2202. Speaker 2200 can comprise upper 2500 and lower 2800housings. A multi-conductor electrical cable 2106 can extend fromspeaker 2200 to a connector, such as female connector 2300 thatelectrically connects upper portion 2100 of the radio cable assembly2000 (see FIG. 20) to lower portion 1300 (FIG. 13). For example,electrical cable 2106 can comprise two conductors that facilitateoperation of speaker 2200. Strain relief 2108 can be provided forelectrical cable 2106 at connector 2300. Electrical cable 2106 cancomprise coils 2107 that allow it to stretch as necessary to fit aparticular individual.

Electrical cable 2106 can provide electrical signals to speaker 2200.Speaker 2200 can convert such electrical signals into acoustic signalsrepresentative thereof (and generally representative of speech receivedfrom a portable two-way radio).

A connector, such as male connector 1301, can facilitate electricalconnection of lower cable assembly 1300 to connector 300 of upper cableassembly 100. A connector 1302, such as a stereo phono plug, can be usedto connect lower cable assembly 1300 (and, with reference to FIG. 20,consequently complete radio cable assembly 2000, to portable two-wayradio 2001). Connector 1302 can plug directly into portable two-wayradio 2001 or can plug into a side mount 2002 of two-way radio 2001(FIG. 20).

Referring now to FIG. 45, an earpiece assembly comprising an earpiece2214 and a multiple input acoustic coupler 210 is shown being worn by auser, according to an embodiment. The earpiece 2214 is disposed withinthe concha 280 of the user's ear 5500. The two input ports 216 arerouted around the tragus 5505. One input port 216 is routed above thetragus 5505 and one input port 216 is routed below the tragus 5505. Inthis manner, the input ports 216 of the multiple input acoustic coupler210 are positioned such that they comfortably facilitate the attachmentof two acoustic devices to the earpiece 2214.

The input ports 216 can be bendable as discussed above. In this manner,the input ports 216 can be better routed around the tragus 5505. Theinput ports 216 can be pre-bent so as to be better routed around thetragus 5505.

Referring now to FIGS. 46-48, an embodiment can comprise a body 290 towhich are attached a plurality of tubular portions 211, according to anembodiment. Each tubular portion 211 can have one or more barbs 212formed thereon. The tubular portions 211 can have bores 213 formedtherethrough such that the tubular portions 211 are in acousticcommunication with one another.

The body 290 can be generally cylindrical in configuration. The body 290may be formed with holes 291. One of the tubular portions 211 can extendfrom a generally flat surface of the body 290. For example, a tubularportion 211 configured for attachment to an earpiece or an ear insertcan extend from the flat surface of the body 290. A tubular portion 211can similarly extend from the opposite generally flat surface of thebody 290, if desired.

One or more of the tubular portions 211 can extend from a curved portionof the body 290. For example, two tubular portions 211 that areconfigured for attachment to acoustic tubing can extend from the curvedportion of the body 290.

The body 290 and the tubular portions 211 can be formed as an integralunit. For example, the body 290 and the tubular portions 211 can beintegrally molded from plastic. As a further example, the body 290 andthe tubular portions 211 can be machined from a single piece of metal.

Alternatively, the body 290 and the tubular portions 211 can be formedseparately and subsequently attached together. The tubular portions 211can be attached to the body 290 by friction fit, adhesive bonding,threading, welding, or any other desired method.

The body 290 and the tubular portions 211 can be formed of stainlesssteel, aluminum, magnesium, plastic, or any other desired material. Thebody 290 and the tubular portions 211 can be formed of differentmaterials. For example, the body 290 can be formed of aluminum and thetubular portions 211 can be formed of plastic.

The length of the tubular portions 211 of any embodiment can vary, asdesired. For example, the length of the tubular portions 211 can bebetween two and twenty millimeters, such as ten millimeters.

The inner and outer diameters of the tubular portions 211 of anyembodiment can vary, as desired. For example, the inner diameter of thetubular portions 211 can be between one half millimeter and fourmillimeters, such as two millimeters. For example, the outer diameter ofthe tubular portions 211 can be between one millimeter and fivemillimeters, such as three millimeters.

Multiple audio devices, such as any desired combination of two-wayradios, cellular telephones and music devices, can be attached to anearpiece. In this manner, an earpiece can be used to simultaneouslylisten to a plurality of such audio devices. A user can listen tomultiple audio devices without reconfiguring an earpiece that is usedfor such listening.

For example, a user can simultaneously listen to a two-way radio and acellular telephone. As a further example, a user can simultaneouslylisten to a cellular telephone and a music device. The audio devicesthat are connected to the multiple input acoustic coupler do not have tobe different audio devices. For example, a user can listen to two ormore cellular telephones. Similarly, a user can listen to two or moretwo-way radios.

The multiple input acoustic coupler allows a user to attach and/orlisten to multiple audio devices without having to reconfigure thesystem. This is particularly advantageous in police operations andbattlefield situations, where it may not be safe to reconfigure thesystem.

The multiple input acoustic coupler can be configured so as to provideenhanced ergonomics and routing with respect to acoustic tubing. Theacoustic tubing can be routed around the tragus 5505 in an ergonomicmanner that mitigates undesirable contact with the tragus 5505 and/orother anatomical structures of the ear and thus enhance comfort andavoid abrasion.

The multiple input acoustic coupler can make operation of the audiodevice simpler. For example, a cellular telephone need not be raised tothe ear in order to hear it. Again, this may be particularlyadvantageous in police operations and battlefield situations.

The multiple input acoustic coupler can be used in applications otherthan communications systems. For example, the multiple input acousticcoupler can be used to direct pressure signals and/or fluid flow in avariety of different tubing systems.

A method and system for facilitating covert radio communications and thelike are disclosed. According to an embodiment, a thin acoustic tubefacilitates communication of sound from a speaker to an ear insert orearpiece extension that is at least partially within the wearer's earcanal 5509.

According to contemporary practice, acoustic tubing having an outerdiameter of approximately 3 mm and an inner diameter of approximately1.5 mm facilitates the communication of sound from a speaker to thewearer's ear. However, such contemporary acoustic tubing issubstantially conspicuous and obtrusive. That is, it is comparativelyeasy to notice. Having the acoustic tubing noticed can jeopardize covertoperations and endanger a covert operative's safety.

Thin acoustic tubing is substantially less conspicuous and obtrusive. Itis therefore substantially less likely to be noticed during covertoperations. Thin acoustic tubing can be defined herein as tubing havingan outer diameter of approximately 0.8 mm to approximately 1.4 mm. Thinacoustic tubing can have an inner diameter of approximately 0.4 mm toapproximately 0.8 mm. For example, thin acoustic tubing can have anouter diameter of approximately 1.0 mm and an inner diameter ofapproximately 0.5 mm. Thin acoustic tubing can be clear, flesh colored(colored to match the color of the skin of the wearer), of any othercolor that tends to make the tubing less likely to be noticed when worn.

Thin acoustic tubing can be more comfortable to wear, as compared toconventional acoustic tubing. Thin acoustic tubing is lighter andtherefore less noticeable to the wearer than conventional acoustictubing. The smaller outer diameter of thin acoustic tubing allows it topass over the ear (between the top of the ear and the head) more easily.

Referring now to FIG. 49, a foam ear insert 3300 is inserted within theear canal 5509 of a wearer's ear 5500, according to an embodiment. Thefoam ear insert 3300 can have a covering so as to define a reusable foamear insert. Such a reusable foam ear insert is described in detail withrespect to FIGS. 56 and 57 below.

A thin acoustic tube 102 extends from the foam ear insert 3300 (alsoreferred to as a foam insert) and passes over the top of the ear 5500.The thin acoustic tube 102 facilitates the communication of sound from aspeaker to the foam ear insert 3300. The thin acoustic tube 102 canattach to a speaker and amplifier, which can be behind the ear 5500.

The speaker and amplifier can be used to enhance ambient sound. Eitheralternatively or additionally, the thin acoustic tube 102 can attach tojust a speaker, which can be behind the ear 5500. The speaker can bepart of a two-way radio system. Thus, the inconspicuous communicationsassembly can be used to facilitate enhanced listening to ambient soundand/or to facilitate listening to a sound producing device such as atwo-way radio or cellular telephone.

The use of thin acoustic tube 102 in combination with a foam ear insert3300 provides an inconspicuous and unobtrusive communications assembly.The likelihood of undesirable detection of the communications assemblycan be further mitigated by coloring the thin acoustic tube 102 and thecovering of the foam ear insert 3300 so as to match the color of thewearer's skin.

Referring now to FIGS. 50 and 51, the thin acoustic tube 102 can begenerally shaped somewhat like the letter “S”, according to anembodiment. In this manner, routing over the ear and to the ear canal5509 is readily facilitated. As shown in FIG. 51, there can be a sharp,e.g., approximately right angle, bend near the bottom of the thinacoustic tube 102 so as to position the proximal end thereof forconnection to the ear insert 3300.

Referring now to FIG. 52, a microphone, amplifier, and speaker assembly5401 can pick upon ambient sound, amplify the ambient soundelectronically, and provide the amplified ambient sound to an ear insertsuch as foam ear insert 3300 of FIGS. 49 and 54-57 or to an earpieceand/or extension such as those of FIGS. 58-61, according to anembodiment. Thus, the microphone and amplifier assembly 5401 can beattached to the distal end of thin acoustic tube 102 and an insert,earpiece, and/or extension can be attached to the proximal end thereof.The speaker of the microphone and amplifier assembly 5401 can also beprovided a signal from a device such as a cellular telephone or two-wayradio.

The use of such a microphone and amplifier assembly 5401 can beparticularly advantageous in covert operations in which it is desirableto hear ambient sound, such as voices. It facilitates listening toambient sound while also listening to a two-way radio.

Referring now to FIG. 53, a speaker 501 can be attached to the distalend of thin acoustic tube 102, according to an embodiment. A cable 502can provide electrical communication from a two-way radio to speaker501. Alternatively, cable 502 can provide electrical communication froma radio receiver, a cellular telephone, a music device or the like.

Referring now to FIGS. 54 and 55, a foam ear insert 3300 can be attachedto the proximal end of thin acoustic tube 102, according to anembodiment. The foam ear insert 3300 substantially blocks ambient soundwhile communicating sound from a speaker (such as speaker 501 of FIG.53) through the ear canal 5509.

With particular reference to FIG. 55, the thin acoustic tube 102 canpass almost through or entirely through the foam ear insert 3300,according to an embodiment. Thus, the proximal end of thin acoustic tube102 can be flush with or extend from the foam ear insert 3300. In thismanner, the proximal end of thin acoustic tube 102 can be placedproximate the eardrum so as to achieve the benefits discussed in detailbelow.

Referring now to FIGS. 56 and 57, an exemplary reusable foam ear insert3300 can comprise a foam body 301 having a covering 302 formed thereoverand having a bore 303 formed generally centrally and longitudinallytherethrough, according to an embodiment. The bore 303 can be formedconcentrically with respect to the central axis of the body 301 or canbe formed at an angle, offset, or eccentrically with respect thereto.The bore 303 can have an outer (generally disposed outside of the ear5500) opening 304 and an inner (generally disposed inside of the ear5500) opening 305. The bore 303 facilitates the communication of soundthrough the ear canal 5509.

The bore 303 can comprise an opening formed through the body 301.Optionally, the bore 303 can comprise a tube disposed within theopening. The tube can be substantially more rigid than the foam of thebody 301. For example, the body 301 can comprise foam rubber and thetube can comprise more solid rubber. Such use of a tube can inhibit theundesirable collapse of the bore 303 when the ear insert is disposedwithin the ear canal 5509.

Thus, a covert communications system may comprise, for example, atwo-way radio that is worn beneath the clothing, an electrical cable 502that extends from the two-way radio to the speaker 501, and a thinacoustic tube 102 that extends from the speaker 501 to a foam ear insert3300. A cellular telephone can be used instead of a two-way radio.

Referring now to FIGS. 58 and 59, an earpiece with a flanged extension5001 is attached at the proximal end of thin acoustic tube 102,according to an embodiment. The earpiece with flanged extension 5001 cancomprise earpiece 11 having a extension 12 attached thereto.

Referring now to FIG. 60, an embodiment of an earpiece 11 is provided,according to an embodiment. It will be appreciated that various featuresof FIG. 60 are set forth and described with regard to FIGS. 22 and 23. Athin acoustic tube 102 can be attached to earpiece 11 and/or extension12 such that a generally continuous (lacking abrupt changes in diameterand lacking other restrictions or obstructions) bore is defined forsound to travel through from a speaker to the eardrum, according to anembodiment. The thin acoustic tube 102 can pass completely or almostcompletely through the extension 12. The thin acoustic tube 102 can passthrough the earpiece 11 and extend substantially into the ear canal5509. Indeed, the proximal end of the thin acoustic tube 102 can bedisposed proximate the eardrum. The proximal end of the thin acoustictube 102 can be flush with or can extend from the extension 12. The thinacoustic tube 102 can attach to the earpiece 11.

The thin acoustic tube 102 can pass through the earpiece 11 and theextension 12 such that the proximal end of the thin acoustic tube 102 isdisposed proximate the eardrum. Thus, the thin acoustic tube 102 canextend partially through or completely through the bore 22 of theextension 12. Indeed, the thin acoustic tube 102 can extendsubstantially beyond the inner end of the extension 12.

In this manner, the thin acoustic tube 102 provides a continuous passageor lumen through which sound travels from the speaker to a pointproximate the eardrum. The presence of undesirable discontinuities inthe lumen is mitigated. There are no abrupt changes in the diameter orthe smoothness of the lumen, such as those discontinuities associatedwith the connection of the thin diameter tube 102 to the extension 12via the use of a barbed fitting. The use of a barbed fitting or the likeinherently results in abrupt changes in the diameter of the lumen. Asthose skilled in the art will appreciate, such discontinuities canadversely affect the quality of sound transmitted from the speaker tothe eardrum.

Thus, the use of such a continuous lumen from the speaker to a pointproximate the eardrum enhances the quality of sound from a two-wayradio. Such enhancement of the quality of the sound can make speech fromthe two-way radio more intelligible. By making speech more intelligible,the volume of the two-way radio can be turned down, thereby making itsdetection during covert operations less likely.

Thus, since the distal end 25 of extension 12 and/or the proximal end ofthin acoustic tube 102 can be placed close to a wearer's eardrum, thevolume of a two-way radio or other device (such as a cellular telephone,music device, etc.) can be substantially reduced.

With the volume reduced, sound advantageously cannot be as easily heardby others. During covert operations, for example, the likelihood ofsomeone other than the wearer undesirably hearing sound from a two-wayradio is substantially mitigated. By reducing the sound volume, smaller,less powerful, and/or less expensive speakers can be used. The use of asmaller speaker facilitates the making of a less conspicuouscommunications assembly. Placing the sound closer to the eardrum canmake it easier for the hearing impaired to hear.

Embodiments (such as those embodiments having a bore 22 formed throughstem 15) can be used with a variety of electronic devices that producesound. The use of a generally smooth and continuous lumen can enhancesound quality in such applications. As those skilled in the art willappreciate, sound quality can be an important factor in musicapplications.

Referring now to FIG. 61, a two-way radio system can comprise anearpiece 381 to which is attached a thin acoustic tube 102, according toan embodiment. The use of a longer thin acoustic tube 102 can betterfacilitate enhanced flexibility with respect to positioning of speaker383. Thus, speaker 383 can be disposed beneath the clothes instead ofbehind the ear 5500, for example. Speaker 383 is in electricalcommunication with a two-way radio 385 or the like via cable 384.

As described above, an inconspicuous communications assembly cancomprise thin acoustic tubing and an earpiece/extension or an earinsert. In this manner, the likelihood of undesirable discovery of thecommunications assembly during a covert operation is mitigated.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein to provide a wirelesspush-to-talk switch, wireless microphone, and wireless speaker fortwo-way radios, such as those used by police officers, firefighters,military personnel, and others. According to an embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch can comprise a switch and a wireless transmitter inelectrical communication with the switch. The transmitter can transmit asignal in response to the switch being actuated and/or deactuated.

More particularly, the transmitter of the wireless push-to-talk switchcan be configured to transmit a radio signal, an infrared signal, anultrasonic signal, or any other desired type of wireless signal.Amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, spreadspectrum, Bluetooth®, WiFi®, or any other type of transmission ormodulation can be used.

According to an embodiment, a wireless push-to-talk system for a two-wayradio can comprise a wireless push-to-talk switch and a receiver incommunication with the wireless push-to-talk switch and in communicationwith the two-way radio. The receiver receives a wireless signal from thewireless push-to-talk switch and communicates the signal to the two-wayradio, thus causing the two-way radio to begin transmitting or stoptransmitting. The wireless push-to-talk switch can comprise a switch anda transmitter in communication with the switch and configured totransmit a signal in response to the switch being pushed.

For example, the receiver can be configured to side mount to the two-wayradio. The receiver can be in wired communication with the two-way radiosuch that when the receiver receives a signal indicating that thewireless push-to-talk switch has been actuated or deactuated, thereceiver can communicate this information to the two-way radio so as tocause the two-way radio to begin transmitting or cease transmitting avoice from the user.

According to an embodiment, a wireless microphone can be in wirelesscommunication with a receiver of the two-way radio. The wirelessmicrophone can use either the same transmitter or a differenttransmitter with respect to the wireless push-to-talk switch.

According to an embodiment, a wireless speaker can be in wirelesscommunication with a transmitter of the two-way radio. The transmittercan be in wired communication with the two-way radio.

Keying a microphone can be defined herein as actuation of a push-to-talkswitch for the microphone. According to an embodiment, a method forwirelessly keying a two-way radio can comprise transmitting a wirelesssignal from a wireless push-to-talk switch, receiving the transmittedwireless signal, and communicating a signal representative of thewireless signal to the two-way radio.

According to an embodiment, a wireless push-to-talk two-way radio systemcan comprise a two-way radio, a wired microphone in wired communicationwith the two-way radio, a wireless push-to-talk switch, and apush-to-talk receiver in wireless communication with the wirelesspush-to-talk switch and in wired communication with the two-way radio.The wireless push-to-talk two-way radio system can further comprise awired push-to-talk switch in wired communication with the two-way radio.

According to an embodiment, a wireless push-to-talk two-way radio systemcan comprise a wireless microphone, a microphone receiver in wirelesscommunication with the wireless microphone and in wired communicationwith the two-way radio, a wireless push-to-talk switch, and apush-to-talk receiver in wireless communication with the wirelesspush-to-talk switch and in wired communication with the two-way radio.The wireless push-to-talk radio system can further comprise a wiredpush-to-talk switch in wired communication with the two-way radio.

According to an embodiment, a wireless push-to-talk two-way radio systemcan comprise a microphone and a push-to-talk switch in wiredcommunication with a common transmitter. The transmitter can beconfigured to transmit a signal representative of actuation/deactuationof the wireless push-to-talk switch and can be configured to transmit asignal representative of voice from the wired microphone. A receiver canbe in wireless communication with the transmitter and in wiredcommunication with the two-way radio. The wireless push-to-talk radiosystem can further comprise a wired push-to-talk switch in wiredcommunication with the two-way radio.

According to an embodiment, a wireless push-to-talk two-way radio systemcan comprise a push-to-talk switch, a microphone, and a speaker in wiredcommunication with a first transceiver. The first transceiver can beconfigured to transmit a wireless signal representative ofactuation/deactuation of the push-to-talk switch and representative ofvoice from the microphone and can be configured to receive a signalrepresentative of voice from a two-way radio.

A second transceiver can be in wired communication with the two-wayradio. The second transceiver can be configured to transmit a signalrepresentative of voice from the two-way radio and can also beconfigured to receive a wireless signal representative ofactuation/deactuation of the push-to-talk switch and representative ofvoice from the microphone. The wireless push-to-talk radio system canfurther comprise a wired push-to-talk switch in wired communication withthe two-way radio.

According to an embodiment, a push-to-talk switch ring can comprise aring configured to be worn upon a finger and a wireless push-to-talkswitch attached to the ring. Actuation of a wireless push-to-talk switchon a ring can be performed discretely.

According to an embodiment, a wireless push-to-talk switch assembly fora vehicle, such as an automobile or a bicycle, can comprise a wirelesspush-to-talk switch and a mount configured to mount the wirelesspush-to-talk switch to the vehicle. For example, the wirelesspush-to-talk switch can be configured to mount the wireless push-to-talkswitch to the steering wheel of an automobile or the handlebars of abicycle.

According to an embodiment, a wireless push-to-talk switch assembly fora firearm can comprise a wireless push-to-talk switch and a mountconfigured to mount the wireless push-to-talk switch to a firearm. Thefirearm can be a pistol, rifle, shotgun, or any other type of firearm.The mount can be configured to mount the wireless push-to-talk switch toa grip and/or a stock of the firearm.

A housing of the push-to-talk switch can be configured so as to mitigatesound from the switch. For example, sound dampening/insulating materialcan be disposed within the housing so as to mitigate sound from theswitch disposed therein. The housing itself can have sufficient sounddampening and/or insulating properties so as to mitigate sound from theswitch disposed therein. Any combination of quietness of the switch, theuse of sound dampening/insulating material, and sounddampening/insulating provided by the housing may be used to provide asubstantially silent push-to-talk switch.

More particularly, one embodiment can comprise a switch that produces asound level below the threshold of hearing, i.e., a sound pressure levelof less than approximately 0 dB(A) of wideband sound at 36 inches, canbe used. For example, a switch that produces a sound pressure level ofless than 5 dB(A) of wideband sound at 36 inches can be used. As usedherein, a wideband sound can be an integration of sound from 20 Hz to 20kHz.

As mentioned above, a sound dampening and/or sound insulating materialcan be configured so as to mitigate audibility of the switch. Forexample, the sound dampening/insulating material can be configured so asto generally surround the switch. The sound dampening/insulatingmaterial can be used with a switch that would otherwise produce anaudible sound. Thus, sound dampening/insulating material can facilitatethe use of a switch that would otherwise be too loud.

Alternatively, sound dampening/insulating material can be used with aswitch that is already inaudible when actuated. This can be done tofurther reduce the sound level and/or to help keep the sound level ofthe switch within an acceptable range if the switch malfunctions orotherwise operates at a louder than anticipated level, such as due toover zealous use.

As mentioned above, the housing of the push-to-talk switch can beconstructed so as to provide sufficient sound dampening/insulation. Forexample, the housing can be made to be thick enough, or have structuresor materials that provide sufficient sound dampening/insulation so as tomake operation of the switch inaudible. For example, the housing canhave double walls (an inner wall and an outer wall). Thus, a louderswitch can be used.

The switch can be mounted upon a printed circuit board. The switch canbe mounted upon the same printed circuit board as the transmitter ortransceiver with which the switch communicates with the two-way radio.

The switch can be actuated by pressing a diaphragm. For example, amembrane switch can be mounted upon a printed circuit board that isdisposed within a housing and the diaphragm can be mounted about itsperiphery to the housing such that pressing the diaphragm causes thediaphragm to deform and press the membrane switch. Alternatively, thediaphragm can be omitted and the membrane switch can be actuateddirectly, e.g., without a structure (such as the diaphragm) between theswitch and the user (such as the user's finger).

The switch can be actuated by touching an electrode, almost touching anelectrode, causing something else to touch an electrode, or causingsomething else to almost touch an electrode. For example, a capacitiveswitch can be mounted upon a printed circuit board that is disposedwithin a housing and the diaphragm can be mounted about its periphery tothe housing such that pressing the diaphragm causes the diaphragm todeform and actuate the capacitive switch.

Conductive material within or attached to the diaphragm can effect suchactuation/deactuation of the capacitive switch. Alternatively, thediaphragm can be omitted and the capacitive switch can be actuateddirectly, e.g., without a structure (such as the diaphragm) between theswitch and the user (such as the user's finger).

Sufficient room can be provided within the housing for an electricalcable to pass through the housing between the circuit board and thehousing. By providing such room in the housing, use of the push-to-talkswitch in an in-line cable assembly is facilitated. That is, thepush-to-talk switch can readily be placed along a cable assembly ratherthan at one end thereof.

The push-to-talk switch can optionally comprise a bezel that isconfigured so as to guide a user's finger to the button. In this manner,reliability of operation (particularly in adverse circumstances such asa gunfight) is enhanced. Quieter operation of the push-to-talk switchmay also be facilitated by use of the bezel because it may mitigatenoisy fumbling with the push-to-talk switch as a user attempts toactuate the push-to-talk switch, particularly in stressful situations.More reliable and quieter operation of the push-to-talk switch can savea user's life in such circumstances.

The push-to-talk switch can comprise an aluminum or polymer housing. Theuse of such a housing (particularly of an aluminum housing) enhances thedurability thereof. Enhancing the durability of the push-to-talk switchcan be particularly useful in adverse environments, such as abattlefield.

As used herein, a membrane switch can be a circuit printed onpolyethylene terephthalate (PET) or indium tin oxide (ITO). For example,a membrane switch can comprise multiple layers of PET. The layers can beconfigured so as to effect shorting of electrodes of the switch whenactuated.

Such switches are commonly used on the control panels of home appliancessuch as microwave ovens, air conditioners, and television remotecontrols. Membrane switches are typically very quiet when actuated.However, some membrane switches have an internal dome structure thatprovides tactile and/or audible feedback of actuation and/or deactuationto a user. Generally, membrane switches lacking such audible feedbackcan be used in embodiments. Membrane switches having tactile feedbackmay be used in embodiments.

However, membrane switches having audible feedback can be used inembodiments. For example, a membrane switch having such audible feedbackcan be used and sound dampening/insulation material and/or a housinghave sound dampening/insulation properties can be used to mitigate thefeedback sound.

Capacitive switches comprise an electrode. Touching or almost touchingthe electrode can cause a change in capacitance that is sensed so as toeffect actuation/deactuation of the switch. The electrode can be coveredwith an insulator, such that it is not exposed. Capacitive switches arecommonly used in elevators to select the floors at which the elevatorstops.

According to an embodiment, the push-to-talk switch is configured suchthat the switch is more likely to actuate when pushed near the edge ofthe button (the top of the button proximate its perimeter, rather thanat the center thereof) or at an angle (rather than perpendicularly), ascompared to contemporary push-to-talk switches. According to anembodiment, the push-to-talk switch has an enhanced bevel that tends toensure that the switch is actuated when an attempt to depress the buttonthereof is made. According to an embodiment, noise produced by thepush-to-talk switch is mitigated by using a membrane or capacitiveswitch rather than a spring switch.

Referring now to FIG. 62, a two-way radio system comprises a wiredpush-to-talk switch 4100, a wired microphone 4960, and a wired speaker4951. A user can wear a portable two-way radio 4975, such as upon theuser's belt.

Inline cable assembly 49000 communicates electrical signalsrepresentative of received radio messages from portable two-way radio4975 to the speaker 4951. Inline cable assembly 49000 also communicateselectrical signals representative of sound from a microphone 4960 toportable two-way radio 4975. Inline cable assembly 49000 also transmitscontrol signals from wired push-to-talk switch 4100 to portable two-wayradio 4975 so as to facilitate the transmission of outgoing voicecommunications from the user.

Inline cable assembly 49000 interfaces with the two-way radio 4975 viaside mount 49111, as is common according to contemporary practice.

A wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 is shown in detail in FIGS. 63-70,according to an embodiment. Wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 does notneed to be connected to the two-way radio via a wired connection, suchas cable assembly 49000 of

FIG. 62. Rather, wireless push-to-talk switch 41000, as well as anoptional wireless microphone and an optional wireless speaker, which arealso discussed below, can communicate with the two-way radio via awireless technology such as radio, infrared, or ultrasound. Theconstruction and operation of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 isdiscussed in detail below.

Referring now to FIG. 63, according to an embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 comprises a transmitter or a transceiver (4210of FIG. 71), a housing 41010, a bezel 41020 attached to housing 41010,and a button 41030 disposed within bezel 41020, according to anembodiment.

The transmitter/transceiver 4210 can be a transmitter in those instancesin which only transmission of wireless signals thereby is required. Forexample, the transmitter/transceiver 4210 can be a transmitter when thetransmitter/transceiver 4210 is used to transmit signals from a wirelesspush-to-talk switch and/or a wireless microphone (such as in theembodiment of FIG. 64).

The transmitter/transceiver 4210 can be a transceiver when bothtransmission and reception of wireless signals is required. For example,the transmitter/transceiver 4210 can be a transceiver when thetransmitter/transceiver 4210 is used to transmit signals from a wirelesspush-to-talk switch and/or a wireless microphone and is also used toreceive signals for a wireless speaker (such as in the embodiment ofFIG. 71).

Wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 can be used by police officers (suchas when on patrol or when involved in covert operations), firefighters,military personnel, and others to facilitate enhanced use of a portabletwo-way radio. For example, a covert police officer can wear a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 underneath a shirt so that it is hidden fromview. A small, unobtrusive microphone can be hidden, such as beneath thecollar. An unobtrusive earpiece can be worn to facilitate listening toreceived radio communications. The portable two-way radio can be worn onthe belt and hidden beneath a jacket. In this manner, the officer'sability to communicate by radio is not apparent to casual observers.

When an officer wants to transmit a radio communication, button 41030 ofthe wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 can be pushed through theofficer's shirt. Wide, sloped bezel 41020 guides the user's finger tobutton 41030 to assure proper actuation/deactuation of the switch.Actuation of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 can be effected bypressing the button 41030 and deactuation of the wireless push-to-talkswitch 41000 can be effected by releasing the button 41030.

As discussed in detail below, the width and slope of bezel 41020 can beconfigured so as to enhance the ability thereof in such guiding. Thus,undesirable and potentially noisy fumbling when using the push-to-talkswitch can be mitigated.

As also discussed in detail below, button 41030 can be configured sothat the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 is more likely to beactuated regardless of the direction or angle with which a fingerpresses button 41030. Contemporary standalone push-to-talk switchesshould be pressed normally (orthogonally), proximate the center thereof,in order to assure reliable actuation/deactuation of the switch.Pressing the button of a contemporary push-to-talk switch normally nearan edge thereof, or at an angle (particularly near the edge thereof)does not result in reliable operation of the switch. However, pressingbutton 41030 normally near the center thereof, normally near an edgethereof, at an angle (either near the center or the edge) is more likelyto result in actuation/deactuation of the switch than is the case with acontemporary push-to-talk switch.

Housing 41010 can optionally have one or more bosses 41060 and 41070formed thereon. One boss 41060 can be longer than the other boss 41070.Alternatively, both bosses can be the same size. Bosses 41060 and 41070can be diametrically opposed about housing 41010. Alternatively, bosses41060 and 41070 can have any other desired orientation. For example,bosses 41060 and 41070 can be perpendicular with respect to one another.Any desired number of bosses can be used. Thus, one, two, three, four,or more bosses can be used.

Openings 4108 and 4109 can be formed in bosses 41060 and 41070 tofacilitate the passage of one or more cables through housing 41010. Sucha cable can, for example, provide wired connection between a transceiverdisposed within housing 41010 and a microphone and/or a speaker as shownin the block diagram of FIG. 86, for example.

A sealant, such as RTV (room temperature vulcanizing) silicone rubbercan be used to provide a water resistant seal between any cable(s)passing through openings 4108 or 4109 and housing 41010.

An o-ring 4202 can provide a seal between bezel 41020 and housing 41010.Alternatively, any other desired means for providing a seal can be used.For example, silicon sealant can be used to provide the seal. Bezel41020 can be removably attached to housing 41010, such as via threads.Bezel 41020 can be attached to housing 41010 by other methods, such as afriction fit. Alternatively, bezel 41020 can be permanently attached tohousing 41010.

Housing 41010 and bezel 41020 can be formed from aluminum. Housing 41010and bezel 41020 can comprise anodized aluminum. Housing 41010 and bezel41020 can be formed by machining. Alternatively, housing 41010 and bezel41020 can comprise a rigid polymer material or any other desiredmaterial. Housing 41010 and bezel 41020 can be formed by injectionmolding.

Button 41030 can be part of a diaphragm that seals housing 41010, asdiscussed in detail below. Alternatively, the button and the diaphragmcan be two separate components of the push-to-talk switch. Button 41030(and diaphragm 44010 of FIG. 67) can be formed of a resilient polymersuch as rubber.

As mentioned above, bezel 41020 can be sloped (as best seen in FIG. 70)such that it tends to guide a finger toward button 41030. Thus, bezel41020 makes it easier to push button 41030. This can be important whenwireless push-to-talk switch 41000 is worn beneath the user's clothing.It can also be important in hostile situations, such as when a user isbeing fired upon and is frantically trying to push the button whiledefending himself and/or others.

Referring now to FIG. 64, a bezel assembly 42010 comprises bezel 41020,button 41030, and other parts, according to an embodiment. Bezelassembly 42010 can screw onto housing 41010, such as via externalthreads 4205 formed on housing 41010 and corresponding internal threads4405 (FIG. 66) formed inside bezel 41020. When bezel assembly 42010 isscrewed onto housing 41010, o-ring 4202 can be captured therebetween. Ano-ring groove 4206 formed in housing 41010 can receive o-ring 4202 andcan help to retain o-ring 4202 in place when bezel assembly 42010 isremoved from housing 41010.

A printed circuit board 4207 can be mounted within housing 41010, suchas via screws 4208. A transmitter/transceiver 4210 can be mounted toprinted circuit board 4207. Transmitter/transceiver 4210 can have aswitch 4211 (also referred to as a push button) attached thereto orproximate thereto.

For example, switch 4211 can comprise a membrane switch that actuatestransmitter/transceiver 4210 when pressed, such as by diaphragm 44010.Sound dampening/insulating material can be used to mitigate sound fromtransmitter 4210, as discussed below.

A battery 4971 (FIG. 70) can be disposed beneath the printed circuitboard 4207. The battery can be a lithium ion battery, a lithium polymerbattery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a nickel cadmium battery, analkaline battery, or any other desired type of battery.

As a further example, if switch 4211 is a capacitive switch, then it canhave an electrode or sensor that effects a change in capacitance, suchas when diaphragm 44010 is touching or proximate to a sensor. Diaphragm44010 can comprise a conductive, e.g., metallic, material so as toeffect such a change in capacitance. For example, metal (such as ironfilings) can be added to diaphragm 44010 or a piece of metal can beattached thereto (such as on the underside thereof).

Traces 4212 can be formed on printed circuit board 4207 to facilitateelectrical interconnection of wires from a cable 49010 (FIG. 71) withtransmitter 4210. For example, wires from cable 49010 can be solderedinto holes 4214 to facilitate such electrical connection.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the use of a membrane orcapacitive transmitter 4210, rather than a spring switch (as is used incontemporary push-to-talk switches) provides a substantial advantagewith respect to noise. Spring switches are typically comparatively noisyand can produce a noise level well above the threshold of hearing, evenat a distance of several yards. Indeed, according to contemporarypractice the noise level of such switches can be considerable so as toprovide positive auditory feedback of actuation/deactuation to users.

Referring now to FIG. 65, button 41030 can be round and can be centrallylocated within bezel 41020, according to an embodiment. Alternatively,button 41030 and bezel 41020 can have any other desired configuration.For example, button 41030 and/or bezel 41020 can be generallyrectangular in shape.

Referring now to FIGS. 65 and 66, bezel assembly 42010 comprises adiaphragm 44010 that is attached to bezel 41020, according to anembodiment. Diaphragm 44010 can be attached to bezel 41020 usingretainer 44020. Retainer 44020 can be shaped generally like a washer andcan be formed of aluminum Alternatively, retainer 44020 can be formed ofa substantially rigid polymer material or any other desired material.

Diaphragm 44010 can have button 41030 formed integrally therewith. Forexample, diaphragm 44010 and button 41030 can be formed of rubber andmolded as a single item. Alternatively, diaphragm 44010 and button 41030can be formed of a resilient polymer material or any other desiredmaterial and can be either integrally or separately formed.

Retainer 44020 can be configured as a washer that has a plurality ofholes 4505 therein such that retainer 44020 can capture a peripheralportion of diaphragm 44010 between itself and bezel 41020 and such thata plurality of screws 45010 can be used to attach diaphragm 44010 tobezel 41020. Screws 45010 can pass through unthreaded holes 4505 inretainer 44020 and through unthreaded holes 45060 in diaphragm 44010 andthen be received into threaded holes 4801 (FIG. 70) formed in bezel41020.

Diaphragm 44010 can have an intermediate portion 45020. The thickness ofintermediate portion 45020 can be greater than the thickness ofperipheral portion 4701 and less than the thickness of button 41030.Intermediate portion 45020 can have a thickness that, at least in part,defines the amount of force required to push button 41030 sufficientlyso as to actuate transmitter 4210.

Button 41030 can comprise a thicker portion of diaphragm 44010. Thethicker portion of diaphragm 44010 that defines button 41030 can bethicker than intermediate portion 45020. Button 41030 can be thethickest portion of diaphragm 44010.

Referring now to FIGS. 67 and 68, the bottom of diaphragm 44010 cancomprise a thicker portion 46010 that corresponds generally in positionto the thicker portion of diaphragm 44010 that defines button 41030,according to an embodiment. That is, button 41030 can be defined by anincrease in the thickness of diaphragm 44010 that extends both upwardly(above peripheral portion 4701) and downwardly (below peripheral portion4701).

Alternatively, button 41030 can be defined by an increase in thethickness of diaphragm 44010 that extends either upwardly (aboveperipheral portion 4701) or downwardly (below peripheral portion 4701),but not both.

The rigidity of button 41030 and the resilience of peripheral portion4701 depend upon the material selected and the thickness thereof Thus,increasing the thickness of peripheral portion 4701 and/or button 41030can increase the rigidity thereof Button 41030 can have sufficientrigidity (such as by having sufficient thickness) so as to effectactuation/deactuation of transmitter/transceiver 4210 regardless ofwhere button 41030 is pushed and with less regard as to the angle atwhich button 41030 is pushed.

A nipple 46020 can extend from the lower surface of diaphragm 44010 tofacilitate contact with membrane or sensor 4211 of transmitter 4210.Thus, when button 41030 is pushed, then nipple 46020 presses downwardlyagainst membrane or sensor 4211, so as to effect actuation/deactuationof transmitter 4210. The length of nipple 46020 can be adjusted, eitherin manufacture of diaphragm 44010 or in assembly of wired push-to-talkswitch 4100, so as to properly effect actuation/deactuation oftransmitter 4210. For example, nipple 46020 can be formed duringmanufacture to have excessive length and can be trimmed during assemblyto have the desired length, thereby compensating for variations in theconstruction and mounting of transmitter 4210. Nipple 46020 can beformed of a metallic or other material that effectsactuation/deactuation of a capacitive switch (when a capacitive switchis used).

A peripheral portion 4701 of diaphragm 44010 can have a thickness,dimension A, that is between approximately 0.010 inch and 0.100 inchthick. The peripheral portion 4701 can have a thickness, dimension A,that is approximately 0.040 inch thick. The peripheral portion 4701 canbe captured intermediate retainer 44020 and bezel 41020. Peripheralportion 4701 provides at least some of the flexibility and resiliencethat facilitates movement of button 41030.

The thicker portion defines button 41030 and can have a thickness,dimension B, that is between approximately 0.10 inch and 0.35 inchthick. The thicker portion can have a thickness, dimension B, that isapproximately 0.25 inch thick. Generally, the thicker portion is thickenough to facilitate use thereof as a button. Thus, the thicker portionis thick enough to provide sufficient rigidity to facilitate use thereofas a button.

Referring now to FIG. 70, a cross-sectional view better shows the slopedportion 491 of bezel 41020, according to an embodiment. Sloped portion491 can have a width, dimension C, that is between approximately 0.25inch and approximately 2.0 inch. Sloped portion 491 can have a width,dimension C, that is approximately 0.75 inch. Sloped portion can have anangle, angle D, that is between approximately 35° and approximately 55°.Sloped portion 491 can have an angle, angle D, that is approximately45°.

The width, dimension C, and the angle, angle D, of sloped portion 491are configured so as to enhance the ability of a user to actuate thepush-to-talk switch in an embodiment. Thus, it is substantially morelikely that an attempt to actuate the switch will actually result in theability of the user to transmit a radio message. As those skilled in theart will appreciate, such ability can have life and death consequences.There are times when the ability to rapidly and reliably transmit radiomessages can have an important impact upon police and firefighteroperations.

Printed circuit board 4207 can be mounted to housing 41010 via standoffs4830. Screws 4208 (FIG. 64) can mate with threads formed in standoffs4830. Standoffs 4830 can define the distance between housing 41010 andprinted circuit board 4207. The distance between housing 41010 andprinted circuit board 4207 can be sufficient for one or more electricalcables (such as cable 49010 of FIG. 71) to pass therebeneath. Thisdistance can be varied to accommodate the desired amount of cablingwithin housing 41010. This distance can be varied to accommodate abattery 4971 beneath the printed circuit board 4207.

Alternatively, the diaphragm 44010 can be flat, e.g. generally constantin cross-section. Indeed, the diaphragm 44010 can have any desiredconfiguration. A structure other than a diaphragm 44010 can be used toactuate the switch or the switch can be actuated directly (without theuse of an intermediate structure between the user and the switch). Forexample, a rigid button or button-like structure (rather than an atleast somewhat flexible diaphragm 44010) can be pressed by the user andcan, in response, press and thereby actuate the switch.

Alternatively, the bezel 41020 can be non-slopped, e.g., flat. Indeed,the bezel 41020 can have any desired configuration or can be absentaltogether.

Examples of embodiments include wireless microphones and wirelessspeakers. A wireless microphone and a wireless speaker can be used withone another and/or with a wireless push-to-talk switch. Any or all ofthese devices (the wireless push-to-talk switch, the wireless microphoneand/or the wireless speaker) can be autonomous.

Thus, any or all of these devices can have a dedicated transmitter orreceiver. For example, the wireless push-to-talk switch 41201 of FIG. 80has a dedicated transmitter 41202, the wireless microphone 41301 of FIG.81 has a dedicated transmitter 41202, and the wireless speaker 41401 ofFIG. 82 has a dedicated receiver 41205.

Any or all of these devices (the wireless push-to-talk switch, thewireless microphone and/or the wireless speaker) can share a transmitteror receiver. For example, the microphone 4960 and speaker 4954 of FIG.72 can use the transceiver 4210 of FIG. 71.

A battery 4971 (FIG. 70) can provide electrical power totransmitter/transceiver 4210. The battery 4971 can be disposed withinthe housing 41010 or can be disposed outside of the housing 41010. Thebattery 4971 can optionally provide power for a microphone and/orspeaker.

Referring now to FIGS. 71-74, a cable 49010 of wireless push-to-talkswitch 41000 can facilitate communication with a wireless microphone49600 and/or a wireless speaker 4954 (both of FIG. 72), according to anembodiment. For example, connector 49120 of cable 49010 can connect tocomplimentary connector 4956 (FIG. 72) of earpiece/microphone assembly4950 to facilitate such communication. In this manner, wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000, wireless microphone 49600, and wirelessspeaker 4954 can share a common transceiver 4210. Common transceiver4210 can be disposed within wireless push-to-talk switch 41000, within ahousing of wireless microphone 49600, within a housing of wirelessspeaker 4954, within a dedicated housing, or anywhere else desired.

Referring now to FIG. 72, an earpiece/microphone assembly 4950 is shownthat is suitable for use with the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000,according to an embodiment. An electrical connector 4956 facilitateselectrical connection of an electrical cable 4955 to an electrical cable49010 of wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 (FIG. 71) via electricalconnector 49120 thereof. In one embodiment, connector 4956 can be aHirose connector.

A speaker 4954 generates sound in response to received radio messages.Speaker 4954 can be a miniature or button speaker similar to thosecommonly used in hearing aids. Speaker 4954 can be a balanced armaturespeaker. The sound from speaker 4954 is communicated via acoustic tubing4953 to earpiece 4951. A barbed fitting 4952, such as an elbow fitting,can be used to attach earpiece 4951 to acoustic tubing 4953. Earpiece4951 can be disposed in the concha of a user's ear and directs soundfrom acoustic tubing 4953 towards the user's eardrum.

Referring now to FIG. 75, a wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 cancomprise a push-to-actuate momentary switch 41201 in electricalcommunication with a transmitter 41202, according to an embodiment. Thetransmitter 41202 can have an antenna 41204 (see FIGS. 80-82). Thetransmitter 41202 can also have a power source, such as a battery 41203(see FIGS. 80-82). In one embodiment, the battery 41203 can be userreplaceable.

The transmitter 41202 can be configured to communicate a signalrepresentative of actuation/deactuation of switch 41201 to a two-wayradio. Thus, actuation of switch 41201 can result in a transmission ofvoice by the two-way radio in a manner that is analogous to the way thatactuation of a wired push-to-talk switch (such as wired push-to-talkswitch 4100 of FIG. 62) results in a transmission of voice by a two-wayradio.

Referring now to FIG. 76, a wireless microphone 41300 (see FIG. 81) cancomprise a microphone 41301 in electrical communication with atransmitter 41202, according to an embodiment. The transmitter 41202 canhave an antenna 41204 and a power source as discussed with regard toFIG. 75.

The wireless microphone can be configured to transmit a signalrepresentative of the user's voice to a two-way radio so that thetwo-way radio can transmit a signal representative of the user's voiceto other two-way radios (such as those of a police dispatcher and otherpolice officers).

FIG. 77 shows that sound damping/insulation can be placed in voids 41407of housing 41010. By placing sound damping/insulation in voids 41407 ofhousing 41010, sound from the switch 41201 can be substantiallyattenuated. Thus, a louder switch 41201 can be used while stillmaintaining sound from the switch 41201 at an inaudible level. Further,the use of such sound damping/insulation can reduce noise if switch41201 malfunctions and becomes noisier.

Any desired combination of sound damping/insulation around the switch41201, sound damping/insulation along the interior walls of housing41010, and sound damping/insulation placed in voids 41407 of housing41010 can be utilized. For example, sound damping/insulation around theswitch 41201, sound damping/insulation along the interior walls ofhousing 41010, and sound damping/insulation placed in voids 41407 ofhousing 41010 can be utilized.

Hook and loop fasteners, e.g.,Velcro®, snaps, or other fasteningmechanisms can be used to attach the push-to-talk switch to any desiredpart of a person's body, clothing, or equipment. For example, hook andloop fasteners 41405 can be formed to the lower surface of thepush-to-talk switch and complimentary hook and loop fasteners 41406 canbe formed to a desired location on a police officer's uniform. In thismanner, the push-to-talk switch can easily and conveniently be attachedto the police officer's uniform.

The push-to-talk switch can be configured as a ring to be worn upon afinger. The push-to-talk switch can be configured to attach to a ringthat is worn upon a finger.

Referring now to FIGS. 78 and 79, the switch can be a contact switchthat comprises, for example, copper traces formed upon a substrate suchas a printed circuit board 1506 to define two lower conductive contacts1507, pads 1503, and conductive conduits 1504 interconnecting lowercontacts 1502 and pads 1503. Pads 1503 can be used as solder pads or thelike to facilitate electrical connection of the switch.

An upper conductive contact 1603 (shown in FIG. 79) can be formed upon aflexible diaphragm 1601, such that pushing the button of thepush-to-talk switch causes the diaphragm 1601 to bend downwardly andthus causes the upper contact 1603 to bridge the gap 1505 so as toprovide electrical connection between the lower contacts 1507 andthereby turn the switch on. In this manner, a very quiet switch can beformed.

According to one embodiment, a push-to-talk switch can be reducedsubstantially in size. Contemporary push-to-talk switches areapproximately three inches in diameter. The diameter of a push-to-talkswitch in one embodiment can be one to two inches, or less. Suchreduction in size can be facilitated, for example, by the sloped bezel41020 that makes the effective or target size of the switch larger asdiscussed above. Thus, a smaller push-to-talk switch can be as easy oreasier to actuate since the user does not have to be as accurate inhitting the button 41030 as with a contemporary push-to-talk switch.

The substantially silent push-to-talk switch in one embodiment can beeither a standalone push-to-talk switch or a push-to-talk switch that isbuilt into or integrated with another device, such as a two-way radio ora microphone and/or speaker for a two-way radio.

In view of the foregoing, a push-to-talk switch that has enhancedreliability is provided. More particularly, the standalone push-to-talkswitch in one embodiment is more likely to operate properly regardlessof how the button thereof is pushed. Thus, the amount of effort and/orfumbling done by a user in order to actuate the push-to-talk switch canbe substantially mitigated. Further, because the push-to-talk switch issubstantially silent, it can be used in applications such as covertoperations and battle situations where the sound of actuating the switchcould have life threatening adverse consequences.

In one or more embodiments, the transmitter 41202 can be the sametransmitter 41202 as that of FIG. 80. The transmitter 41202 can beconfigured to transmit both a signal representative ofactuation/deactuation of a switch (such as push-to-talk switch 41201 ofFIG. 80) and a signal representative of voice from microphone 41301.

Referring now to FIG. 82, a wireless speaker 41400 can comprise aspeaker 41401 in electrical communication with a receiver 41205,according to an embodiment. The receiver 41205 can have an antenna41204. The receiver 41205 also has a power source, such as a battery41203. In one embodiment, the battery 41203 can be user replaceable.

The wireless speaker 41400 can be configured to receive signalsrepresentative of voice that have been received by a two-way radio andcan be configured to provide sound (the voice) to the user. For example,wireless speaker 41400 can provide sound to a user via anearpiece/microphone assembly like that of earpiece/microphone assembly4950 of FIG. 72.

Transmitter 41202 of FIG. 80, transmitter 41202 of FIG. 81, and/orreceiver 41205 of FIG. 82 can be defined by transmitter/transceiver 4210(such as transceiver 4210 of FIG. 86). Transmitter 41202 of FIG. 80,transmitter 41202 of FIG. 81, and receiver 41205 of FIG. 82 can be asingle transceiver or can be any desired combination of separatetransmitters and receivers.

Referring now to FIG. 83, a receiver 41501 can be in wired electricalcommunication with a two-way radio, according to an embodiment. Thereceiver 41501 can receive signals representative ofactuation/deactuation of push-to-talk switch 41201 (or of wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 of FIG. 63). The receiver 41501 can have anantenna 41502. The receiver 41501 can be configured to be part of a sidemount for a two-way radio. Instead of receiver 41501, a transceiver canbe used so as to facilitate transmission of signals representative ofvoice received by the two-way radio to the receiver 41202 of FIG. 82 sothat voice can be heard via speaker 41401.

The receiver 41501, whether part of a side mount for a two-way radio ornot, can have a dedicated battery. The receiver 41501 can receiveelectrical power from a two-way radio or from any other desired sourceof electrical power.

Referring now to FIG. 84, according on one embodiment a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 can be used with a two-way radio 4975,according to an embodiment.

Wired push-to-talk switch 4100, wired speaker 4951, and wired microphone4960 can be in wired electrical communication with radio 4975.

Pushing the button of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 causes thetransmitter/transceiver 4210 (which can be a transmitter such astransmitter 41202 of FIG. 80) of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000to transmit a wireless signal to two-way radio 4975 so as to effecttransmission of voice from microphone 4960 from the two-way radio.

Sidemount 49111 of two-way radio 4975 can comprise a receiver 41501 thatreceives the wireless signal from wireless push-to-talk switch 41000.The receiver 41501 can be in wired communication with the two-way radio4975. Receiver 41501 communicates signals received from wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 to two-way radio 4975.

Referring now to FIG. 85, according to one embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 can be used with a two-way radio 4975,according to an embodiment. Wired push-to-talk switch 4100, wirelessspeaker 41701, and wireless microphone 41702 are in communication withtwo-way radio 4975.

Pushing the button of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 causes thetransmitter/transceiver 4210 (which can be a transmitter such astransmitter 41202 of FIG. 81) of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000to transmit a wireless signal to two-way radio 4975 so as to effecttransmission of voice from microphone 4960 from the two-way radio 4975.

Wireless speaker 41701 and wireless microphone 41702 can communicatewith the two-way radio 4975 via a dedicated transceiver 41703 that canbe separate from transmitter/transceiver 4210.

Sidemount 49111 of two-way radio 4975 can comprise a transceiver 41705that receives the wireless signal from wireless push-to-talk switch41000 and from transceiver 41703 and that also transmits signals totransceiver 41703. Thus, transceiver 41705 can receive signalsrepresentative of actuation/deactuation of wireless push-to-talk switch41000 and can receive signals representative of voice from microphone41702. Transceiver 41705 can also transmit signals representative ofvoice from two-way radio 4975 to speaker 41701. The transceiver 41705can be in wired communication with the two-way radio 4975. Transceiver41705 communicates signals received from wireless push-to-talk switch41000 to two-way radio 4975.

Referring now to FIG. 86, according to one embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 can be used with a two-way radio 4975,according to an embodiment. A speaker 41802 and microphone 41803 can bein wired electrical communication with wireless push-to-talk switch41000. Wired push-to-talk switch 4100 can be in wired communication withradio 4975.

Pushing the button of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 causes thetransceiver 4210 of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 to transmit awireless signal to two-way radio 4975, so as to effect transmission ofvoice from microphone 41803 via the two-way radio 4975. Thus, voice frommicrophone 41803 can be transmitted, such as by the same transceiver4210. Alternatively, voice can be transmitted to the two-way radio 4975by a different transmitter/transceiver from that with which thepush-to-talk signal is transmitted to the two-way radio.

Sidemount 49111 of two-way radio 4975 can comprise a transceiver 41805that receives the wireless signal from wireless push-to-talk switch 1000and from the microphone 41803 and that provides a wired signal totwo-way radio 4975 that effects transmission of two-way radio 4975. Thetransceiver 41805 can also transmit a signal representative of receivedvoice to transceiver 4210 of wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 so as tofacilitate listening to the voice via speaker 41802.

As those skilled in the art will appreciate, side mounts can containimpedance matching electronics and are commonly used to attachmicrophones, speakers, and push-to-talk switches to portable two-wayradios.

Referring now to FIG. 87, according to an embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41902 can be attached to a ring 41901, according toan embodiment. A button 41903 can effect actuation/deactuation of thewireless push-to-talk switch 41902. Protrusions or ridges 41904 canmitigate the occurrence of unintended actuation of wireless push-to-talkswitch 41902, such as by bumping the ring 41901.

A police officer, for example, can discretely actuate a two-way radio(to effect transmission thereof) without a suspect knowing that thetwo-way radio has been actuated. In this manner, voice from the policeofficer and nearby people is broadcast to the police dispatcher andother police officers.

Referring now to FIG. 88, according to an embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 42002 can be attached to a firearm 42001, accordingto an embodiment. Such attachment of the wireless push-to-talk switch42002 to the firearm 42001 can allow an officer to actuate the wirelesspush-to-talk switch discretely and without removing a hand from thefirearm.

Referring now to FIG. 89, according to an embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 42202 can be attached to a vehicle, such as abicycle 42101, according to an embodiment. Such attachment of thewireless push-to-talk switch 42202 to a bicycle 42101 can allow a policeofficer, for example, to actuate the wireless push-to-talk switchdiscretely and without removing a hand from the handlebars of thebicycle.

Referring now to FIG. 90, according to an embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 can be used with a wired speaker 4951, a wiredmicrophone 4960, a wired push-to-talk switch 4100, and a two-way radio4975, according to an embodiment. The wireless push-to-talk switch 41000can be placed at any desired location on the person, clothing,equipment, vehicle, or any other item. A transmitter can be containedwithin the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 as shown in FIGS. 63 and80 or can be located outside of wireless push-to-talk switch 41000. Areceiver that receives signals from the transmitter can be located insidemount 49111, can be built into the two-way radio 4975, or can be atany other desired location.

The speaker 4951, microphone 4960, and wired push-to-talk switch 4100can be operated as in the contemporary two-way radio system of FIG. 62.Use of the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 adds flexibility byallowing the user to choose another place to effect transmission of thetwo-way radio 4975. The location of the wireless push-to-talk switch41000 can be selected such that effecting transmission of the two-wayradio via the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 can be done discretely.

Wired push-to-talk switch 4100 communicates with two-way radio 4975 viaa wired connection through sidemount 49111 as is done according tocontemporary practice. Wired push-to-talk switch 4100 will generally beplaced at a different location with respect to wireless push-to-talkswitch 41000.

Referring now to FIG. 91, according to an embodiment, a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 can be used with a wireless speaker 41701, awireless microphone 41702, a wired push-to-talk switch 4100, and atwo-way radio 4975, according to an embodiment. A transceiver 41950facilitates communication of the wireless speaker 41701 and the wirelessmicrophone 41702 with the two-way radio 4975. The transceiver 41950 canbe disposed within a housing of the speaker 41701, within a housing ofthe microphone 41702, or in a separate, dedicated housing as shown.

A transceiver that receives signals from the transmitter of the wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 and from the transceiver 41950 and thattransmits signals to the transceiver 41950 can be located in sidemount49111, can be built into two-way radio 4975, or can be at any otherdesired location.

The use of a wireless push-to-talk switch with a wired push-to-talkswitch can make it easier to discretely use the wireless push-to-talkswitch since a suspect will expect a police officer, for example, to usethe wired push-to-talk switch.

Referring now to FIG. 92, according to an embodiment a wirelesspush-to-talk switch 41000 can be used with a wireless speaker 41802, awireless microphone 41803, a wired push-to-talk switch 4100, and atwo-way radio 4975, according to an embodiment. A transceiver 4210 (FIG.64) facilitates communication of the wireless speaker 41802, wirelessmicrophone 41803, and the wireless push-to-talk switch 41000 with thetwo-way radio 4975. The transceiver 4210 can be disposed within ahousing of the wireless speaker 41802, the wireless microphone 41803, orthe wireless push-to-talk switch 41000.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 90-92, a receiver or a transceiver can bedisposed within the sidemount 49111 to facilitate communication with thewireless speaker 41701 or 41802, wireless microphone 41702 or 41803, andthe wireless push-to-talk switch 41000.

The receiver of the two-way radio that receives a signal representativeof actuation/deactuation of the wireless push-to-talk switch and/orrepresentative of voice from the wireless microphone can be a separatereceiver from that used in conventional radio communications by thetwo-way radio or can be the same receiver used in conventional radiocommunications by the two-way radio. Similarly, the transmitter of thetwo-way radio that transmits a signal representative of voice to thewireless speaker can be a separate transmitter from that used inconventional radio communications by the two-way radio or can be thesame transmitter used in conventional radio communications by thetwo-way radio.

Embodiments of the wireless push-to-talk switch can be attached to anydesired part of a person, a person's clothing, a person's equipment, avehicle or any other desired object. For example, embodiments of thewireless push-to-talk switch can be attached to a lapel, a badge, ashirt pocket, a belt, a pistol, a pistol holster, a baton, a mace orpepper spray dispenser, a flashlight, a Taser®, or a ring.

In many instances, the wireless push-to-talk switch can be integratedwith, built into, or permanently attached to an object. For example,embodiments of the wireless push-to-talk switch can be built into abadge, a pistol, a pistol holster, a baton, a mace or pepper dispenser,a flashlight, a Taser®, or a ring.

Embodiments can include any number or combination of wirelesspush-to-talk switch, wireless microphone, wireless speaker, wiredpush-to-talk switch, wired microphone, and wired speaker.

Embodiments can include push-to-talk switches, microphones, and/orspeakers that are both wired and wireless. That is, a singlepush-to-talk switch, microphone, and/or speakers can be both wired andwireless. Such wired/wireless push-to-talk switches, microphones, and/orspeakers can provide redundancy that can be important in criticalapplication such as police work, firefighting, and warfare.

The receiver for the wireless push-to-talk switch, wireless microphone,and/or wireless speaker can be in the two-way radio, attached to thetwo-way radio, or in any other desired location. For example, thereceiver for wireless push-to-talk switch can be in a side mount that isattached to and in wired communication with the two-way radio. Thereceiver for the wireless push-to-talk switch, wireless microphone, andwireless speaker can receive electrical power from the two-way radio orfrom a dedicated battery, such as a battery contained within thereceiver.

Wireless communication between the wireless push-to-talk switch,wireless microphone, and/or wireless speaker and the receiver can, forexample, use radio waves, infrared radiation, ultrasound, or any otherdesired type of signal. The use of radio waves can include the use ofamplitude modulation, frequency modulation, spread spectrum (directsequence, frequency hopping, redundant channel, for example),Bluetooth®, WiFi® or any other desired system.

Embodiments of the wireless push-to-talk system can include cables (suchas those associated with wired push-to-talk switch, wired microphone,and wired speakers) or can eliminate the use of such cables. Theelimination of such cables has several advantages, as discussed below.

According to one or more embodiments, the cable associated with acontemporary stand alone push-to-talk switch is eliminated. Eliminationof the cable enhances the convenience associated with use of a two-wayradio by simplifying the user's dressing and undressing. There is nocable to route and attach to the clothing.

Elimination of the cable also eliminates a potential source of snagging,since the cable can no longer get caught on tree branches, bushes, andthe like. The snagging of a cable can endanger the safety of a policeofficer, firefighter, or military personnel.

Elimination of the cable further eliminates a potential for malfunctionof the two-way radio since the cable is no longer used. As those skilledin the art will appreciate, cables are often the source of problemsassociated with the use of two-way radios. Cables, particularly theconnectors thereof, are undesirably susceptible to having the conductorsthereof open and/or short in a manner that inhibits usage of a two-wayradio.

Further, according to one or more embodiments, the push-to-talk switchcan be actuated discretely. In this manner, a conversation can betransmitted without another person being aware that the conversation isbeing transmitted. For example, a police officer can transmit theconversation to the dispatcher and/or other police officers without asuspect knowing that the conversation is being transmitted since thepolice office does not have to key the microphone of the two-way radioto effect the transmission.

More than one wireless push-to-talk switch can be used with a singletwo-way radio. More than one wired push-to-talk switch can also be usedwith a single two-way radio. For example, a user can have one wirelesspush-to-talk switch on the user's belt, another wireless push-to-talkswitch on the handle of the user's pistol, and a wired push-to-talkswitch on the lapel. Thus, any desired number and combination ofwireless push-to-talk and wired push to talk switches can be use with asingle two-way radio.

Use of the wireless push-to-talk switch can be particularly beneficialwhen an embodiment is attached to an item that is better operated (atleast at some times) with two hands. For example, the wirelesspush-to-talk switch can be attached to the steering wheel of anautomobile, bicycle handlebars, a pistol, or a rifle. In this manner,the item can be operated better, e.g., more effectively, moreefficiently, and/or more safely.

One or more embodiments provide a speaker that is substantiallyresistant to damage, a microphone that is less susceptible to picking upunwanted noises, and an acoustic tube that is comparativelyinconspicuous. One or more embodiments can accommodate a variety ofdifferent types of electronic devices, such as cellular telephones andmusic devices. One or more embodiments can provide a push-to-talk switchhaving a button that is substantially easier to operate, particularly inemergency situations. One or more embodiments can provide a push-to-talkswitch that has a wireless connection to the cable assembly (andconsequently to the two-way radio).

Referring now to FIG. 93, a contemporary earpiece 510 comprises agenerally arcuate rib 511 and a generally vertical rib 512. An upperlobe 515 (e.g., also referred to as a top lobe) is formed at the top,near where the generally arcuate rib 511 and the generally vertical rib512 intersect. Similarly, a lower lobe 516 (e.g., also referred to as abottom lobe) is formed at the bottom, typically near where the generallyarcuate rib 511 and the generally vertical rib 512 intersect. This lowerlobe 516 is captured between the tragus 5505 and the antitragus 5504,while the top lobe is captured by the crus 5506 of the helix 5507 andthe antihelix 5510 (see FIG. 98). A protrusion 520 (also referred to asa stem) extends away from the generally vertical rib 512 and isconfigured to enter the ear canal 5509. A bore 521 formed in theprotrusion 520 transmits sound to a point proximate the eardrum.Acoustic tubing attaches to the contemporary earpiece 510 such that agenerally contiguous sound channel is formed by the acoustic tubing andbore 521.

In many instances, the generally arcuate rib 511 can be too large forthe concha. In such instances generally arcuate rib 511 bends andthereby urges lower lobe 516 against the ear. The pressure of lower lobe516 against the ear as it presses between the tragus 5505 and theantitragus 5504 can cause discomfort. During extended wear, thisgenerally constant pressure can become substantially painful. It canresult in tissue damage that can cause further pain. Infection can evenresult.

It has previously been thought that lower lobe 516 was necessary tomaintain an earpiece, such as contemporary earpiece 510, securely withinthe wearer's ear. However, as discussed herein, the present disclosureprovides various embodiments in which an earpiece may be provided thatlacks the lower lobe, yet remains securely within the wearer's ear evenduring intense physical activity.

Referring now to FIGS. 94-96, according to one or more embodiments, anearpiece 513 may be provided wherein the lower lobe (such as lower lobe516 of the contemporary earpiece 510 of FIG. 93), is omitted. Rather,instead of such a lower lobe, a smooth rounded surface 517 (e.g., asmooth bend) may be provided in earpiece 513. The smooth rounded surface517 does not extend substantially away from the intersection of thegenerally arcuate rib 511 and the generally vertical rib 512 in themanner that a lower lobe does, and thus does not extend substantiallyinto the space between the tragus 5505 and the antitragus 5504.

According to an embodiment, when earpiece 513 is used in an ear wherethe generally arcuate rib 511 is too large for the ear (does not fitwithin the concha without substantial deformation), the generallyarcuate rib 511 merely bends or collapses without adverse affect. Sincethere is no lower lobe, there is consequently no pressure on theantitragus 5504 and the tragus 5505, no rubbing, and no cause ofdiscomfort.

Thus, in an exemplary embodiment the earpiece 513 can comprise agenerally arcuate rib 511 having upper and lower ends, a generallyvertical rib 512 extending substantially between the upper and lowerends, and an upper lobe 515 formed at the upper end of the generallyarcuate rib 511. A smooth rounded surface 517 can be formed at the lowerend of the generally arcuate rib 511. The earpiece 513 can be configuredto be generally shaped like a D. However, those skilled in the art willappreciate that other embodiments are likewise suitable. For example,either the generally vertical rib 512 or the generally arcuate rib 511can be modified substantially or omitted.

The earpiece 513 can further comprise a protrusion 520 having a bore 521formed therethrough. The protrusion 520 can be configured to extend atleast partially into the ear canal 5509. The bore can transmit sound,such as from a two-way radio, to the wearer's eardrum.

The earpiece 513 can be formed of a resilient polymer. For example, inone embodiment, the earpiece 513 can be formed of a resilient polymerhaving a Shore A durometer of between 35 and 45. More particularly, theearpiece 513 can be formed of a resilient polymer having a Shore Adurometer of approximately 40. Alternatively, in another embodiment, theearpiece 513 can be formed of a more rigid material.

In various exemplary embodiments, the generally arcuate rib 511 can bendto accommodate a wide range of ear sizes. For example, the generallyarcuate rib 511 can collapse so as to accommodate a range of ear sizes.Such collapsing of the earpiece 513 is made substantially morecomfortable by the lack or partial lack of the lower lobe. That is, asthe generally arcuate rib 511 collapses, there is no lower lobe or notenough lower lobe to torque, twist, bend, or otherwise move or deform ina manner that can cause discomfort.

One embodiment of the earpiece 513 can be configured to fit at leastextra large sized ears. Similarly, one embodiment of the earpiece 513can be configured to fit at least extra large sized ears and large sizedears. Moreover, a single embodiment of the earpiece 513 can beconfigured to fit most adult ears. For example, the earpiece 513 can beconfigured to fit at least 70% of ears of men between 19 and 40 yearsold. Bending of the generally arcuate rib 511 and lack of the lower lobecooperate to facilitate the fitting of such a large range of sizes.

At least one embodiment comprises a portable communication systemcomprising a radio and also comprising earpiece 513 having a smoothrounded surface 517 instead of a lower lobe, as described above.Further, one or more embodiments can be used in applications other thansecurity, law enforcement, and military applications. For example, oneor more embodiments can be used with cellular telephones, portable musicdevices (such as iPods®, CD players, MP3 players, cassette players, orother types), and other mobile devices. In such applications, a speakercan be in acoustic communication with the bore 521 of the earpiece 513via acoustic tubing or the like. Alternatively, a speaker can beattached directly to the earpiece 513, such as by mounting the speakerto the earpiece 513 or by placing the speaker inside or partially insideof the earpiece 513.

The earpiece 513 can also be used as a sound attenuating earplug, suchas by configuring the protrusion 520 to seal or partially seal the ear.Alternatively, a member that seals or partially seals the ear can beadded to the earpiece 513.

Since less material is used (because a portion of the earpiece 513 isreduced in size or eliminated), the earpiece 513 can be less expensiveto manufacture. Since such earpieces 513 may be frequently purchased inbulk, such cost savings can be substantial.

Further, since a single earpiece 513 fits a greater range of ear sizes,fewer earpieces 513 need to be inventoried by law enforcementdepartments and the like. Such reduction in inventory may save suchagencies substantial money.

Referring now to FIG. 97, the earpiece 513 can be attached to acoustictubing 532, such as via a barbed fitting 531. A strap 533 can be used tosecure acoustic tubing 532 to a wearer's clothing, such as via a clip534. A speaker 535 converts electrical signals received via electricalcable 537 from a two-way radio 541 into sound that is transmitted to theeardrum via acoustic tubing 532 and via bore 521 (see FIGS. 94-96) ofthe earpiece 513. A plug 538 can be used to connect electrical cable 537to two-way radio 541.

According to various embodiments, an earpiece assembly can have aflanged extension that is suitable for use as hearing protection, issuitable for facilitating listening to a two-way radio or the like, oris suitable for providing a combination of hearing protection and suchlistening. One or more embodiments can comprise a solid extension so asto substantially attenuate ambient sound. Alternatively, one or moreembodiments can comprise a hollow or partially hollow extension to allowat least some ambient sound or sound from a radio to pass therethrough.

Referring now to FIG. 98, a left human ear or pinna 5500 typically hasanatomical structures such as a cymba concha 5501, a concha bowl 5508, aridge 5502 of the concha bowl 5508, a cavum concha 5503, an antitragus5504, a tragus 5505, a helix 5507, a crus 5506 of helix 5507, and anantihelix 5510. The right pinna (not shown) is generally similar to theleft pinna 5500 and can be substantially a mirror image thereof.

According to an embodiment, examples of grab points 1-7 are provided byat least some of the various anatomical structures of the pinna 5500.The grab points 1-7 and/or anatomical structures of the ear proximatethe grab points 1-7 can grab or otherwise hold, capture, and/or maintainthe earpiece 5111 (see FIG. 99, for example) within the pinna 5500,e.g., within the concha bowl 5508 thereof For example, the grab points1-7 can define detents, grabbers, locks, fingers, tabs, or otherstructures or features that engage the earpiece 5111 and mechanicallylimit undesirable movement of the earpiece 5111.

Thus, the grab points 1-7 can tend to resist movement of the earpiece5111. More particularly, the grab points 1-7 can tend to resist movementof the earpiece 5111 that would result in separation of the earpiece5111 from the pinna 5500. The grab points 1-7 can capture the earpiece5111 substantially within the concha bowl 5508. The grab points 1-7 cantend to resist other movement of the earpiece 5111. For example, thegrab points can tend to resist translational or rotational movement ofthe earpiece 5111 that would move the earpiece 5111 away from a desiredposition substantially within the concha bowl 5508. The earpiece 5111can be configured to complement a portion of the pinna 5500, so as tofacilitate the use of the grab points 1-7. For example, the earpiece5111 can be substantially a mirror image of one or more portions of thepinna 5500.

As shown in FIG. 99, earpiece 5111 may include an extension 5112, agenerally arcuate rib 5113, a generally vertical rib 5114, a stem 5115,an upper lobe 5116, a smooth curve 5117, a flange 5118, and an aperture5161 (also referred to as an opening or a hole).

According to an embodiment, a first grab point 1 can be at a forward anduppermost end of the cymba concha 5501. A front, top portion 5171 (seeFIG. 99) of the earpiece 5111 can be disposed underneath the ridge ofthe cymba concha 5501 and behind the helix 5507 just above the crus 5506of helix 5507.

According to an embodiment, a second grab point 2 can be located where atop rim 5172 (see FIG. 99) of the earpiece 5111 fits snugly under orputs pressure against a top part of the ridge 5502 of the concha bowl5508. According to an embodiment, a third grab point 3 can be theunderneath lower portion 5173 (see FIG. 99) of the earpiece 5111 whenthe earpiece 5111 is placed within the concha bowl 5508. The lowerportion 5173 of the earpiece 5111 can be captured beneath the crus 5506of helix 5507. According to an embodiment, a middle front part 5174(FIG. 99) of the earpiece 5111 can go over the crus 5506 of helix 5507and slightly into the ear canal 5509 to define a fourth grab point 4 ontop of and underneath the crus 5506 of helix 5507. According to anembodiment, a fifth grab point 5 can extend from where a top part of thecavum concha 5503 splits into the narrow flexible ring that forms itselfto the backside of the concha bowl 5508. The fifth grab point 5 can grabthe back side 5175 (see FIG. 99) of the earpiece 5111.

According to an embodiment, a sixth grab point 6 can be defined at thebottom of the pinna 5500. The sixth grab point 6 can grab the earpiece5111 at the flare 5176 (FIG. 99) of the earpiece 5111. The flare 5176can continue around to the underside of the antitragus 5504 and the rimof the outer portion of the ear canal 5509.

According to an embodiment, a seventh grab point 7 can be defined. Theseventh grab point can be defined by the underside of the tragus 5505.The seventh grab point 7 can grab the lower portion 5173 of the earpiece5111. According to some embodiments, a structure such as the top of theprotrusion 520 (see FIGS. 94-96) and/or a structure such as the top ofthe extension 12, 242, or 5112, or stem 15 or 5115, can contact the earproximate grab point 4 and/or a structure such as the bottom of theprotrusion 520 and/or a structure such as the bottom of the extension12, 242, or 5112, or stem 15 or 5115, can contact the ear proximate grabpoint 7.

According to various embodiments, additional grab points can beprovided. For example, an eighth grab point (not shown) and a ninth grabpoint (not shown) can be provided within the ear canal 5509 by using anergonomically shaped extension (such as extension 12, 242, or 5112) orstem (such as stem 15 or 5115). By use of the term ergonomic, it can bemeant that the extension or stem substantially conforms to the directionof a first bend of the ear canal 5509. Thus, the extension or stem canslide into the ear canal 5509 more easily and can tend to center itselfinto the central portion of the ear canal 5509.

The extension or stem can apply pressure to the bottom of the ear canal5509 or to all of the ear canal 5509 so as to seal the ear canal 5509and thus provide sound attenuation.

According to an embodiment, the extension or stem can be short and haveno flanges. The extension or stem can push up against the top part ofthe ear canal 5509 to form yet another grab point. The ergonomic aspectsof the extension or stem can keep an opening (such as from which soundis directed toward the ear drum) formed in the extension or stemgenerally centered within the ear canal 5509. Thus, the extension orstem can be configured such that the distal end of the extension or stemdoes not undesirably abut a wall of the ear canal 5509 in the mannerthat a straight earplug does.

In another embodiment, a further grab point may be provided by thetragus 5505 and the antitragus 5504. In this regard, in an embodimentwhere an earpiece (e.g., earpiece 510 of FIG. 93) is provided with alower lobe (e.g., lower lobe 516 shown in FIG. 93), such a lower lobemay be positioned between the tragus 5505 and the antitragus 5504 whichmay press against the lower lobe to assist in holding the earpiece inplace and resist movement thereof.

The configuration and size of the anatomical structures and features ofthe human ear can vary substantially from one individual to another. Notall of the described grab points will necessarily limit the motion ofthe earpiece 5111 in every instance. In some ears, only a portion of thegrab points will limit the motion of the earpiece 5111. Other anatomicalstructures or features of the ear can function as grab points. Thus, thediscussion and illustration of grab points is by way of example only,and not by way of limitation.

There is a common problem associated with the use of contemporaryearplugs, whereby the earplugs can be pushed further and further intothe ear canal 5509. Over time, as the earplugs are worn, the ear becomesdesensitized to the presence of the earplugs. Because of thisdesensitization, a user can tend to push the contemporary earplugsfurther into the ear canal 5509 with each subsequent use. Of course, itis not desirable to push the earplugs further and further into the earcanal 5509. When pushed in too far, an earplug can cause substantialdiscomfort and damage to the eardrum.

According to an embodiment, the earpiece 5111 keeps the extension 5112from being pushed past the second turn of the ear canal 5509. Acontemporary earplug (which lacks the earpiece 5111) can be undesirablypushed past the second turn of the ear canal 5509 after the ear canal5509 has become desensitized to the earplug, as discussed above.

Further, there are situations in which a person wearing earplugs issubjected to rapid compression. For example, the person can bedescending while scuba diving, flying, or skydiving. In such situations,contemporary earplugs can be undesirably pushed further into the earcanal 5509, potentially to the point of contacting and/or damaging theeardrum.

According to various embodiments, the Hocks filter 51 (see FIG. 26)and/or the bore 22 (see FIG. 23) allow air to pass through the earpiece5111 and/or the extension 5112. When air passes through the earpiece5111 and/or the extension 5112, pressure within the ear canal 5509 cantend to equalize with respect to pressure outside of the ear canal 5509.

Thus, the extension 5112 can be inhibited from being pushed further intothe ear canal 5509 by such increasing external pressure. The earpiece5111 also inhibits the extension 5112 from being pushed further into theear canal 5509 by such increasing pressure, for example. According to anembodiment, the earpiece 5111 can be configured such that at least onegrab point of an ear tends to hold the earpiece 5111 within the ear.More particularly, the earpiece 5111 can be configured such that thegrab points are defined by anatomical structures as discussed.

Referring now to FIGS. 100-105, various views of an earpiece 4300 areshown, according to an embodiment. As with the embodiment of FIGS.94-96, the lower lobe (such as lower lobe 516 of the earpiece 510 ofFIG. 93), is omitted. Rather, instead of such a lower lobe, a smoothrounded surface 517 is provided.

The generally arcuate rib 511 can have an upper end 4304 and a lower end4305. A generally vertical rib 512 can extend substantially between theupper end 4304 and the lower end 4305, and an upper lobe 515 can beformed at the upper end of the generally arcuate rib 511. A smooth bend517 can be formed at the lower end of the generally arcuate rib 511. Theearpiece can be configured to be generally shaped like a D. However,those skilled in the art will appreciate that other embodiments arelikewise suitable. For example, either the generally vertical rib 512 orthe generally arcuate rib 511 can be modified substantially or omitted.

Similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 94-96, the earpiece 4300 can furthercomprise a protrusion 520 having a bore 521 formed therethrough. Theprotrusion 520 can be configured to extend at least partially into theear canal 5509. The bore 521 can transmit sound, such as from a two-wayradio, to the wearer's eardrum. Alternatively, the bore 521 can beoccluded or omitted so as to facilitate hearing protection.

FIGS. 106-122 show an earpiece 4900 and/or attachment 5800 (alsoreferred to as an arm), according to various embodiments. FIGS. 106-114show the earpiece 4900 without the attachment 5800. FIGS. 115-119 showthe attachment 5800 without the earpiece 4900. FIG. 120-122 show theassembled earpiece 4900 and attachment 5800.

Referring now to FIGS. 106-114 and 120-122, an earpiece 4900 cancomprise a generally arcuate rib 4901. Earpiece 4900 includes an upperlobe 4904. An upper end 4911 of the generally arcuate rib 4901 can beconnected to a lower end 4912 of the generally arcuate rib 4901 via agenerally vertical rib 4903 and/or annulus 4902. The annulus 4902 canhave a cover 4905. The cover 4905 can be either partial, as shown, orcan be substantially complete such that the cover substantially closesthe annulus 4902. The cover 4905 can be formed on the inboard (towardthe head) side of the annulus 4902 and/or on the outboard (away from thehead) side of the annulus 4902. The annulus 4902 can be approximatelycentered with respect to the outer opening of the ear canal 5509.

Referring now to FIGS. 115-122, an attachment 5800 can be configured tomate with the earpiece 4900. For example, the attachment 5800 can have agenerally cylindrical protrusion 5801 that is configured to be receivedwithin the annulus 4902 such that the attachment 5800 can rotate withrespect to the earpiece 4900. The protrusion 5801 can define a malemember and the annulus 4902 can define a female member.

The attachment 5800 can have a speaker. For example, the protrusion 5801can either be a speaker and/or can contain a speaker. The attachment5800 can have an extension 5802. The extension 5802 can be connected tothe protrusion 5801 via a neck 5803, for example. The extension 5802 canbe oriented, e.g., rotated, to extend generally downwardly from theearpiece 4900. The extension 5802 can have a microphone 5804 disposedproximate the distal end thereof.

The extension 5802 can be a portion of a communications cable, awireless telecommunications device (e.g., a wireless audio headphone ora Bluetooth® headset with headphone and microphone), an audio headphone(e.g., an earbud), an earplug, or other type of device configured tomate with the earpiece.

The terms “stem,” “protrusion,” “extension,” “insert,” “ear insert,” andthe like can refer to a structure that protrudes from the earpiece andthat can be configured to extend into the ear canal 5509.

One or more embodiments of the present invention provide an earpiecethat is more comfortable, less costly, easier to inventory, and moreeffective with respect to contemporary earpieces.

Although described herein as being for use in human ears, one or moreembodiments can also be used in non-human ears. For example, anembodiment can be configured for canine ears, to mitigate noise exposureand/or facilitate communication with police or military dogs. As thoseskilled in the art will appreciate, such dogs are commonly exposed tonoisy environments, such as those environments sometimes encountered inpolice work and on the battlefield. Further, it is frequently desirableto communicate with such dogs. Their ability to respond to radiocommands has been established.

Thus, one or more embodiments can mitigate noise exposure and/orfacilitate communications. Noise exposure is mitigated by at leastpartially blocking the ear canal 5509 with an extension from anearpiece. Communications are facilitated by providing a passage forsound through the extension. The extension extends to a point proximatethe eardrum so that sound is delivered more directly to the eardrum.Thus, less volume is needed. The use of less volume is useful in covertoperations. As stated above, it may also facilitate the use of smaller,less powerful, and/or less expensive speakers.

In view of the foregoing, one or more embodiments can provide soundprotection and/or communications facilitation in a manner that iscomfortable, unobtrusive (and thus suitable for covert use), andeffective. The earpiece is less likely to loosen or fall out as comparedto contemporary earplugs. Positioning a sound output port close to theeardrum facilitates the use of lower electronic device volumes, while atthe same time better assuring that communications are heard.

When using the cellular telephone cable assembly, the speaker canreadily be heard because the earpiece delivers sound directly to theuser's ear. Less extraneous noise is picked up by the microphone ascompared to that which occurs when a cellular telephone is used as aspeaker phone, because the microphone is positioned nearer to the user'smouth.

Third parties cannot readily hear both sides of a conversation becausethe incoming portion of the conversation can be very low in volume sinceit is delivered directly to the user's ear.

Susceptibility to radio frequency interference is substantiallyeliminated and security is enhanced because a wireless connectionbetween the cellular telephone and the microphone and speaker is notused.

Further, the cellular telephone cable assembly is less bulky,cumbersome, and inconvenient to use than contemporary headsets and theirassociated cable assemblies.

The term “sound” as used herein can refer to acoustic sound and can alsorefer to electrical or other signals that are representative of acousticsound. Thus, it can be said that sound is communicated through the cableassembly, even when referring to electrical signals.

Embodiments described above illustrate, but do not limit, the invention.It should also be understood that numerous modifications and variationsare possible in accordance with the principles of the present invention.Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined only by the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device comprising: a first cable assemblyconfigured to facilitate communication from a transceiver to an eardrum,the first cable assembly having an electrical portion and an acousticportion; a speaker transducer in electrical communication with theelectrical portion and in acoustic communication the acoustic portion; aspeaker housing within which the speaker transducer is disposed, thehousing being formed of a substantially rigid material; a microphonetransducer in electrical communication with the electrical portion; apush-to-talk switch configured to facilitate use of the microphonetransducer when actuated; and an earpiece in acoustic communication withthe acoustic portion and configured to be received in a concha of an earand to be held in place by at least one anatomical structure of the ear.